Chris Matthews

In the book Hardb completely, Chris Matthews supports his observations and conclusions with quotes from a variety of sources. For eight (8) of the following(a) quotes Identify the speaker Explain its meaning Explain the relevance for finicky political issues today This should be a paragraph for each of the 8. This is to be turned in the first day of class. 1 . This Senator rejected the well-tailored phantasm blue suit so fashionable in DC When I dress like that, no one start outs up to me at the aerodrome to say hello. 2.Vive lived across the street from you for 18 years I shoveled your fling in winter. I cut your grass in summer I didnt think I had to ask you for your vote. He never forgot her response. Tom, I need you to k outright some thing wad like to be asked. 3. L will non make my age an issue in this campaign. I am not passing play to exploit, for political purposes, my opponents youth and inexperience. 4. We succeed in enterprises which demand the collatera l qualities we posses, but we excel at those which also make use of our defects. 5. He too ran against Washington.More than that, he said that government is not the response to our problems, it is the problem. 6. Believe me, my friend Nick implored, on that points no such thing as off the record. Dont trust anyone. 7. Better to have them inside the bivouac pissing out than outside pissing in. 8. In continuing to c all(prenominal) himself an amateur or citizen politician, Reagan applies the uniform logic the Soviets do when they decl be their Olympic athletes to be amateurs in spite of overwhelming evidence to the contrary. 9. The waiter said, Well, maybe you dont know who I am.Well, as a matter of f bite I onto Who are you? Im the guy whos in charge of the butter. 10. If you want to make a friend, let individual do you a favor. 1 1 . L have reached the conclusion that it would be inadvisable for me to recommend to the convention any member of my Cabinet or any of those who meet regularly with the Cabinet. 12. JEFF would call 5 or 6 LB would take 19 names and call them all. 13. L simply make a deal with Roosevelt. We agreed that if I endorsed him for President in 1940, whence he would support my son Joe for governor of Massachusetts 1942. 14.I have honest thought of something that is not part of my speech, and I am worried whether I should do it He paused and then followed through with a beautifully composeed tribute to America as the refuge of those Who yearn to breathe freely. thusly the clincher Ill confess that Im a little afraid to suggest what I am going to suggest. Im more afraid not to. 15. People dont do their best influence while they are being passed on. 16. Hes not going to win. Its a Republi advise district. Hell be better for us if he loses. Hell work for me. Hell bring his organization with him. 17. Off should try some of the Northeastern, big-city offices. Ill bet there are a good number of congressmen who would like to have someone with your background working for them. 18. Members are going to come in to probe you with some matter that you will think is the craziest thing you ever heard. alone remember, it is very important to that member. Otherwise he would never have come in with it. 19. They never take the time to think about what real goes on in those one-to-one sessions. They see it as a attaint instead of seduction they miss the elaborate reparation that goes on forwards the act is finally done. 20. There is no Republican way to collect the garbage. 21 . Its been said that Im not the most compelling speaker, and there are actually those who claim that I dont always communicate in the clearest, most concise way. Well, I may not be the most fluid And I may sometimes be a little uneasy But there is nothing self-conscious in my love of country. I am a shut up man, but I hear the quiet people others dont. The ones who raise a family, pay the taxes, meet the mortgages. 22. Dont give it all at once. Give five thousand at the start and denominate they can come back for more if they need it.Halfway through the campaign, theyll be back. This time give them another five thousand and indicate that that is all you intend to contribute. About a week before the election, theyll be so desperate for money that someone will suggest that maybe you can be induced to come to the rescue. 23. His message came across clear and charitable He described America as a country Where no Catholic prelate would dissever the President should he be a Catholic owe to act and no Protestant minister would tell his parishioners for whom to vote. This is a country where religious liberty is so indivisible that an act against one church is treated as an act against all. 24. All the people in this room have one thing in commonalty We are all dissatisfied. 25. Republican leaders have not been pith with attacks on me, or my wife, or on my sons No, not content with that, they now included b y little dog, Fall Well, of course, I dont begrudge attacks, and my family doesnt re move attacks, but Fall does resent themYou know, Fall is Scotch, and being a Scottie, as soon as he learned that the Republican fiction writers had concocted a story that I had left him behind on the Aleutian Islands and had sent a destroyer back to find him at a represent to the taxpayers of two or three or eight or twenty dollar bill million dollars his Scotch soul was furious He has not been the same dog since.

Guyana’s Culture

farming name Guyanese Identification. Guyana is an Amerindian word meaning the land of umpteen waters. Attempts to imprint a common identity lead foundered, and it is more accurate to cover of African, Indian, and Amerindian Guyanese cultivations. There were small European, Portuguese colored, and Chinese communities before large-scale migration to Canada and the United States in the deep 1960s. British Guiana was referred to as the land of six peoples. Location and Geography.Guyana is on the northeastern shoulder of South America, bounded on the north by the Atlantic Ocean, on the east by Suriname, on the northwest by Venezuela, and on the south and southwest by Brazil. The great(p) city is Georgetown. In an line of business of 83,000 square miles (212,000 square kilometers), in that location are three regions the narrow coastal belt of rich alluvium the thickly forested, hilly sand and clay belt and the Rupununi grasslands between the rain forests and the line with B razil. Over 90 portion of the population lives on the coastal belt, which is downstairs sea level.The Dutch, using African slaves in the eighteenth century, do this area habitable. Every square mile of cultivated land has forty-nine miles of waste pipe canals and ditches and sixteen miles of high-level waterways. Demography. The population was 758,619 in 1980. It had declined to 723,800 in 1991, and an estimated 720,700 in 1996. In 1991, the population consisted of 49 p maneuver Indians 35 percent Africans 7 percent mixed race peoples and 6. 8 percent Amerindians. Indians are of the following religions Hindu, 65 percent Muslim, 20 percent and Christian, 15 percent.Massive migration has led to the virtual fade of Chinese, mixed, Europeans, and Portuguese. Linguistic Affiliation. The official language is English. No African languages survived slavery, nor make those of the destined laborers (Indians, Madeiran Portuguese, and Chinese). Guyanese speak creole dialects of English with varying ethnic lexical imprints. However, all dialects are jointly intelligible. Symbolism. There are few even out symbols or metaphors. The subject area hero, Cuffy, the leader of the Berbice Slave Rebellion in 1763, is in the beginning an African Guyanese hero whose statue in Georgetown evokes Indian antipathy.Indians race to aim with an India of the imagination and the Hindu and Muslim religions. Africans often look to an imagined Africa. The utopian peck of GuyanaEl Doradocreated by Sir Walter Raleigh in the 1590s, claims the imagination of most Guyanese to daylight. History and ethnic Relations National Identity. The colonial rulers promoted images of Britishness to inculcate verity to the empire, still although various ethnic groups absorbed aspects of that culture, they retained their identities. The Portuguese attempt to selectively Anglicize their Madeiran Catholic culture to stress their European-ness.Most Africans adapted British culture to an essential ly African core. Indians, coming after the Africans (between 1838 and 1917), sustained a stronger sense of their case identity. This process of creolization affected all groups but did non forge a national culture. Ethnic Relations. After adopting British heathen idioms, the African and mixed middle crystallize deprecated the backward coolie culture of Indians. The Indians, steeped in ancient notions of caste, brought rigid ideals of color and physical features to their judgment of African people, although most Indian immigrants were themselves dark.Africans and Indians thus constructed distinct Guyana identities. A brief policy-making compromise in the early 1950s could not moderate their mutual incomprehension. In the early 1960s, both groups violently contested the space macrocosm vacated by the British this has left a legacy of racial hatred. Ethnic relations since independence in 1966 have been undermined by the notion that policy-making sympathies consists of the alloc ation of the spoils of power to the ruling ethnic section. Alternating ruling African and Indian elites publicly criticize the role of culture and ethnicity in political mobilization while exploiting it.Urbanism, Architecture, and the Use of Space The 2 primary(prenominal) commercial-grade centers are Georgetown and New Amsterdam. The colonial architecture found in move of Georgetown is still impressive wooden buildings with jalousies and high ceilings to facilitate ventilation, some featuring large, wooden verandas. In rural areas, there are many wooden buildings made up of many eclectic styles, but all are build on stilts to protect them from floods. Wooden buildings are fading into the past, however, as cover buildings are becoming more common. Food and EconomyFood in Daily manners. basic foods reflect ethnic preferences, but there has been considerable cross-fertilization. The creole foods created by Africans have been adopted by all the other groups. Dishes made from r es publica provisions now constitute a national menu call or fish soups with plantains, eddoes, cassava, dasheen, and coconut milk cook-up rice with black-eyed peas, pigs tail, green plantain, and cassareep and Indian curries and roti. Food Customs at Ceremonial Occasions. At African festivals and heart cycle rites, creole foods are served.Vegetarian curries are provided at Hindu weddings the day after a wedding, curried meat is served. Basic Economy. Most food is produced locally, including rice, fruits and vegetables, sugar, grooming oils, fish and seafood, meat, and rum. Colonial tastes survive in the form of sardines, corned cunt and mutton, chocolate, and whiskey. Imports largely consist of fuels and lubricants, gondola cars, agricultural machinery, clothing and footwear, and consumer durables. Commercial Activities. In a primarily agricultural country, the main exports are sugar and rum.Rice is grown primarily on small farms, and coconuts also are an important crop. The m ajor industrial products are bauxite, gold, and lumber. Fishing is completed, as is livestock rearing. Tourism, mainly to the wild interior, is in its infancy. Major Industries. Industry is still in its infancy in Guyana. The wholeness exception to this are the companies that process bauxite and the facilities in rural areas set up to dredge for gold. Trade. Guyana trades primarily with the European Union (mainly the United Kingdom), Canada, the United States, and the Caribbean community.Most of the countrys main export, sugar, is sold to the European Union. The bulk of rice production goes to the Caribbean, and bauxite is exported to Canada and the United States. department of Labor. Eighty percent of workers in the sugar industry and 90 percent of rice farmers are Indian, as are many growers of fruits and vegetables and forestry and fishing workers. Africans tend to go into the professions, work in public service, and seek employment as skilled workers in urban centers and the interior. Social Stratification Classes and Castes.There are family line differences within each ethnic group. One can identify an Indian middle separate based primarily in commerce and an African middle class in the professions and the upper echelons of public service. Middle class consciousness across ethnic lines is weak, and includes very few Amerindians. Between 1988 and 1996, tax income domestic product increased by forty percent, with remarkable addition in sectors where Indians are disproportionately represented. The public sector, where Africans dominate, experienced no ingathering in that period.Symbols of Social Stratification. Markers that locate people as middle class regardless of ethnicity include place of residence, the employment of security guards, the type of car driven, the type of English spoken, the frequency of travel overseas, where and what the men drink, where the women shop, clubs, and access to undercover tutors for children. political Life Governme nt. The 1992 and 1997 general elections were won by the predominantly Indian Peoples Progressive Party (PPP).The elections of 1968, 1973, 1980, and 1985 and the referendum of 1978 were widely seen to be rigged in elevate of the predominantly African Peoples National Congress (PNC), which ruled from 1964 to 1992. The electoral corpse has been one of proportional representation since 1964. Fifty-three seats in the national Parliament are allocated proportionally. other tier of government serves the ten regions the President, who is the leader of the victorious party, heads the government but does not sit in Parliament. lead and Political Officials.Elections are a demonstration of ethnic strength quite an than a reflection of popular will. Cheddi Jagan and L. F. S. Burnham were the cofounders of the PPP, a loose coalition of the two main ethnic groups. The first PPP government, elected in April 1953, was propel out by the British for fear of communism. Party rivalries since that time have involved different versions of Marxism, and the various parties have failed to deal with racial antagonism. military machine Activity. Before the 1990s, the army was crucial to the projection of political power, and was a antecedent of employment for African youths.In 1992, the Guyana Defence Force was 97 percent African and 3 percent Amerindian, with Indians accounting for less than one percent. Gender Roles and emplacementes naval division of Labor by Gender. The economic and political spheres are dominated by men, but a few women are senior officials in the government. Although there has been one female president, there is a paucity of women in the cabinet, the legislature, and the leading of political parties. Women play a significant role as farmers, commercialize vendors, teachers, nurses, civil servants, and clerks, as well as doing housework.In recent years girls have outperformed boys in regional examinations, and more women than men attend university. The R elative Status of Women and Men. The abandonment of children by fathers and a culture of male-centered drinking frequently generate women with the sole responsibility for their children. In urban areas, where the extended family is often nonexistent, many African women are the family breadwinners. The state provides virtually no social benefit assistance. Marriage, Family, and Kinship Marriage. Among Hindus and Muslims, arranged, comparatively early marriages are common.Middle-class Indians have greater immunity in choosing a spouse, especially if the woman is a professional. Marriage ordinarily occurs later, and the family is smaller. Indian families are patriarchal and often function as corporate economic units. Formal marriage is less common among the African workings class, and the middle classes marry later. Domestic Unit. There is a high incidence of multi-generational women-centered households in working-class families. Younger men may belong to and stomach to the hous ehold, and older men may join later.Men usually marry late and often engage A woman prepares cachiri, an alcoholic drink, in a industrial planthop. in serial monogamy before forming a stable relationship. socializing Infant Care. Among all the ethnic groups, the extended family plays a role in the socialization of children. In an outdoor society, children are allowed to roam. In rural communities, discipline is a communal responsibility. Children and younger adults address elders not by their label but as auntie or uncle. Children usually are carried by parents, siblings, and relatives. Child Rearing and Education.Teaching children correct behavior is a priority. Corporal penalisation is considered indispensable, and attendance at church, temple, or mosque is used to inculcate moral values. Life cycle rites and rituals are central to the shaping of a child. Higher Education. confused people and Africans were pioneers in education. Until the 1930s, Indians tended to resist educ ating girls, but the example of other groups and the topic of an Indian middle class have led to a changed attitude. Until decolonization in the late 1960s, secondary schools were excellent.The University of Guyana, founded in 1963, has produced many distinguished scholars and professionals, but it has also suffered from the mass exodus of Guyanese academics. Religion ghostly beliefs. African, Amerindian, and Indian usageal cultures have sustained folk practices that have penetrated Christianity, Hinduism, and Islam. Obeah has its grow in African folk religion but influences Indians as well, and Indian spirit possession has affected rural African ghostly sensibility. Religious Practitioners. Christian ministers, Hindu priests (Brahmins), and Muslim imams command considerable deference.However, folk religious leaders such as obeah men and women, charismatic leaders in Afro-Christian sects, and similar leaders in folk Hinduism compete with the established religious leaders. Death and the Afterlife. Death requires the public articulation of grief the call down or vigil, facilitates communal support for the bereaved, who reciprocate by providing a facing pages for the community. Hindus believe in reincarnation, and Africans believe that the spirit of the dead must be placated and assisted. Produce displayed for sale at a market in Parika Quayside. floriculture is Guyanas principal commercial activity.Secular Celebrations Most festivals are based on Christian, Hindu, and Muslim beliefs, so there are few truly secular holidays or events. However, Mashramani is celebrated to mark the countrys Republic Day on 23 February, and the anniversary of the Berbice Slave Rebellion of 1763 is also noted. The Arts and Humanities Support for the Arts. It is passing difficult for artists to survive as public funding is very limited. umpteen artists have migrated. Literature. Africans celebrate their history of resistance and achievement through Anancy tales, proverbs, s ongs, and stories. This tradition has haped Guyanese literary sensibility. The first major Guyanese novelist was Edgar Mittelholzer (19091965), who lived and worked in England most of his life. His first novel,Corentyne Thunder,was published in 1941 and was followed by 22 additional novels. Another noted Guyanese author, Wilson Harris (1923), also did most of his writing in England. His works were greatly influenced by Amerindian myths and the haunting solitude of the rain forests and its majestic rivers. The countrys known poet is Martin Carter (19271996), whose work was influenced by the political turmoil of the 1940s and early 1950s. written Arts.The countrys most accomplished painter, Aubrey Williams, was steeped in Amerindian motifs and images of the hinterland. The work of the sculptor Philip Moore is informed by West African artistic forms and motifs. In pottery, woodcraft, and basketry, Amerindians produce for the domestic and unconnected markets. There is a national coll ection of paintings but no national gallery. Performance Arts. There is a rich heritage of folk music, dance, and gaming in each of the main ethnic groups but no art form to project a national identity. The impact of the national teach of Dance has been limited music and dance are still essentially ethnic.The Theatre Guild in Georgetown has sustained a dramatic tradition, as has the professional Theatre Company, but drama appeals mainly to the elite. Bibliography Adamson, Alan H. Sugar without Slaves The Political Economy of British Guiana, 18381904, 1972. Benjamin, Joel, Lakshmi Kallicharan, Ian McDonald, and Lloyd Searwar, eds. They Came in Ships An Anthology of Indo-Guyanese Prose and Poetry, 1998. Brown, Stewart ed. The Art of Martin Carter, 2000. Carter, Martin. Selected Poems, 1997. Jagan, Cheddi. The West on Trial My Fight for Guyanas Freedom, 1966. McGowan, Winston F. James G. Rose, and David A. Granger, eds. Themes in African Guyanese History, 1998. Menezes, Mary Noel. Th e Portuguese of Guyana A Study in market-gardening and Conflict, 1994. Moore, Brian. Cultural Power, resistor and Pluralism Colonial Guyana, 18381900, 1995. Rodney, Walter. A History of the Guyanese Working People, 18811905, 1981. Seecharan, Clem. Tiger in the Stars The Anatomy of Indian Achievement in British Guiana, 19191929, 1997. . The Shaping of the Indo-Caribbean People Guyana and Trinidad to the 1940s. Journal of Caribbean Studies14 (12) 6192, 19992000.Smith, Raymond T. The black Family in British Guiana Family Structure and Social Status in the Villages, 1956. . British Guiana, 1962. Spinner, Thomas J. ,A Political and Social History of Guyana, 19451983, 1983. St. Pierre, Maurice. Anatomy of Resistance Anti-Colonialism in Guyana, 18231966, 1999. Sue-a-Quan, Trev. Cane Reapers Chinese Indentured Immigrants in Guyana, 1999. C lunar moduleSEECHARAN Read moreCulture of Guyana history, people, clothing, women, beliefs, food, customs, family, socialhttp//www. everyculture. com /Ge-It/Guyana. htmlbixzz28QSplBsF

Causes of WWI

Newspapers, literature, unison, parades, propaganda, and theatre all fuel nationalism Our nation is special, unique and superior Can not be discomfited Our goern conveyforcet and force forget win any conflict Royal, politicians, and diplomats fue take this precept and pushed this belief Such hype ND arrogance led many to believe contendfargon was good, Inevitable, and would only prove their arrogant belief Europe had not seen state of state of war or nonplusd significant statute mileitary loss for decades which only added to their misfiles Examples Many mint kindred the British popular opinion the war would be everyplace in a matter of months estimation it was spiritual with divinity on your side ND war intensity Felt entitled to more land Militarism Militarism AND THE EUROPEAN ARMS airstream were both contri only ifing f dissembleors to WWW When a country decides to grow and strain on their military Spent a lot of money on weapons/defense Drafting folks into m ilitaryThe dreadnought (battleship) LED TO THE WAR victimization power of weapons to destroy new(prenominal)s Alliances made alliances even if they werent mad at the former(a) country 2) Sucked in other HUGE countries to help them in war 3) Led to world wide war Otherwise wouldve been local war Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy Triple Entente Russia, France, Britain Imperialism Industrialism Building factors, big businesss In order to be a successful grind, you needed materials Everybody wished something, innate(p) competition step to the fore of industrialization Hungry for resources, coal, tin, steel Mechanisms of war to buildCompetition over territory When Austria annexes Bosnia The blackhead didnt like it (Yugoslavian nationalists) Want their own kind of Serbian Yugoslavian empire Their way of saying how they disapprove is by assassinating Archduke Ferdinand June 24, 1918 Gabriel Principia Austria declares war on Serbia, as a result of the assassination be cause of the assassination Russia sides with Serbia Weapons of war Machine Guns Used as defensive weapon Took 4 manpower to operate 1 gun Usually positioned on flat tripod blast 400-600 rounds p minute Short burst s springy Rapidly englut with prohibited cooling mechanism (water)Had to carry large amounts of water to big battles IF they ran out of water, they would use urine Tanks Protected s senioriers inside and behind Helped get race across no-mans land Awkward and uncomfortable but useful, but hot Poison Gas Burned skin Destroyed lungs Used them to impute in trenches Gas might blow toward your men Trenches Werent very hospitable Dug by soldiers who were going to fight No Mans discharge Land between trenchs Filled u=of bombs, mud, holes, barbed wire Health Giants rats, lice, cooties are body lice Rats and pests Weather Muddy and cold, trench stand (cool temp and laughable foot) Deteriorating foot Salted meat and crackers Boredom Played cars, letters, go out and shoot rat s Chores Soccer Game During Christmas Truce Traumas Trench foot Trench fever Sickness and disease Post Traumatic taste Disorder (PETS) Caused by being in battle or war for an extended amount of time Also known as denture shock Suffer from nightmares and horrors Families were changed Soldiers came sticker and werent the same Still have PETS through relatives dying Three Key Battles of WWW The Battle of Verdure Feb. 21-Deck 16 1916 Ten month battle BTW France and Germany Neither side gained much of an prefer Roughly half a million lost on severally side No advantage for either side Battle of battle of Jutland Naval battle Gave allies control of sea, British now had or so powerful Ana Sea superiority America was supporting by direct supplies over ships Only major naval battle of WWW Meanwhile, Germany focuses on U-boat Children in War Girl scouts Raised cookies Collected babble out pits for torpedo masks Made gardens Boy scouts Looked out for incoming ships Victory gardens w ith schools ablaze(p) Cross Poems Motivations of a poet were the horrors and question their existence of God John skirt Bishop were in the war and questioning GodJoyce Killer why friends died and questioning God Archibald Manacles talking about mother nature Woodrow Wilson President, reelected again for no war Reluctant to Join WWW He had to because of the Louisiana (ship that was drop down) Ship was sunk because USA was transporting Britain weapons and food Zimmerman Telegram German ambassador direct coded cognitive content to Mexico that said Join the war and youll get land British coded it out and told USA Toward the end of the war, Willows wrote document called 14 Points that said to be a lasting peace and no more war Make a league of nations New George Washington David Lloyd Jorge British prime Up to him to work with French Had to negotiate on how to work together Oversaw the building of the lofty navy. ar (navy) Convoy is key group of soldiers in unison Sent a bunch of ships, scouting, and formulaing for u boats If you cant bear supplies going to Europe, so your men will be out of food, bullets, medicine, and soldiers George Clemencies left over(p) George Key drafter in accordance of Versailles Much of French countryside was completely destroyed French suffered swellly since it was destroying their country Easy to point a finger on Curious George, now there was a reason to be mad at Paris was evacuated Mad at Germany, made sure Germany paid for the war Gassed by John Singer Sergeant Aftermath of a indian mustard gas attack Bravery of soldiers Wounded and late(prenominal) soldiers all over the ground The soldiers have blindfolds over their look to try to protect their eyes from the burning gas Hispanics and Native Americans Lots of heap had prejudices against people not white in the war Stereotype that certain type of people, considering their not white enough, as being unable to contribute Many Hispanics served (200,00) David barley changed his name to go in front, blended inNative Americans were code talkers Anyone who could speak Chickasaws were pulled to localise messages Letters and Interviews Hildebrand Scan No money Hard to get bloodline Injured (one leg/arm) Many died from illness flu was going through Lied to get in because thy wanted to fight so disadvantageously Myth of war was going to have a great experience Censored letters Didnt want people to overlook support Didnt want people to tell horrible experiences Squashes their spirits Always going to gruntle positive Economic and Social Aspects of World War I War bonds whenever you buy a war bond, it gave money to the government so they sleazy use it on the army After the war, you would get a subtile interest back 20 Billion dollars Social aspects Private industries donated cleaning lady in work force Black markets emerging Victories exaggerated for morale A lot of propaganda Women are going to get more Jobs then they ever had since so many m en were overseas Social effectuate closely went for heroism Gas warfare caused fear (mustard gas) for soldiers Restricted rights in Britain WWW government restricted people that they couldnt say bad overgorge about the government Social Rights Huge propaganda Illegal to criticize golf hole Social Impact New field of occupation Health, manufacturing guns Better conditions adjoin of nurses Increase of transport/ suffices African Americans Thought it would give them advance treatment and opportunity They split the blacks and whites into 92nd and 93rd infantry Werent many blacks in the Ana round fought alongside the French Awarded by French for their bravery Most women got factory Jobs and nurse Jobs Harlem Hellfires It took them 4 trains and 2 ferries to transport black veterans Punished for sidesplitting people Race riot at camp Discrimination treasured higher wages and better working conditionsThere was residential segregation coarse Migration blacks living in the south sa w opportunities for better work and little racism up north Go up north and look for a place to jazz Said they were told by people that they cant live in a certain part of town Many blacks like Henry Johnson were given awards for how hard they fought Blacks felt like they had to prove themselves The accord of Versailles End cap of war This treaty is so important in understanding WI Central Powers Germany mil dead Austral-Hugger -1. 2 mil dead Turkey 325,000 dead Bulgaria 100,000 dead Total losses 8. 5 mil dead, 2. Mil wounded The Big Three David Lloyd George (Britain), Clemencies (France), and Woodrow Wilson (America) Italy had an alliance with Germany when the war started and remained sluggish in the war until they finally sided with Allied forces This caused Italy to technically be the quaternate Big country in the war, but were not involved in signing of the treaty much Russia had Just gotten out of Stalins Purge great loss David Lloyd George of Britain wanted Germany to be punished but he didnt not want to be kicked out of office for punishing to little.His goal was to punish Germany for their crimes but not o much Woodrow Wilson didnt want much drift in the treaty, he believed it was up to Europe, but he still believed in punishing Germany The only thing he satisfyingly wanted was a league of nations set in place in Europe, The league of terra firma was a council of European countries working together Clemencies wanted revenge of Germany basis of Treaty Military Terms Germany was to have a very peculiar(a) army The army force was reduced to 100,00 men Only 6 naval ships No tanks No air force No gas weapons No heavy artillery General Terms of The Treaty Germany had to prevail responsibility for the war meaning he had to pay all the pattern he caused, they had to pay over 6 mil 6 ascorbic acid pounds and the repair their own country. The league of nation was set up to keep the peace, but not the way Wilson wanted it to be The Germans only h ad dickens options, sign the treaty, or be invaded The treaty gave away 13. % of Germanys land to other countries and almost it all of its colonies in other parts of world It in any case demoralized the western part of Germany for 1 5 years shopping center Germany had to take blame for the war and took away its weapons Negotiation The treaty was negotiated from Jan 1919 to June 1919 The treaty had 15 parts and 440 articles IT ended the war officially on June 28 1919 The Germans started disobeying this disagreement in the sasss Hitler denounced treaty altogether in 1935 ON kinfolk 1, 1939 Hitler attacked Poland The impact of WWW on Women outside, dealing with forestry, service and cars, police force, nurses on the front line, fixing equipment, running messages, playing sports,hello girl mobilise operators, helped communication between trenches and lieutenants.Widowed, women had to adjust to man, (PETS) Juggle with career, kids,(single mom duty) Toward the end of the war, men co me back and want all these Jobs back Women are old its your patriotic duty to go back home forced to go back home Men in army want their Jobs back from blacks and women Because they played a key role in the economy, 19th amendment will be passed right to vote Flu Pandemic 1918 and 1919 Originated from Spain, they called it the Spanish grippe Kills more people than the war Roughly 20-40 million people died Conditions of warfare (training in facilities) going to forts and camps and the conditions that they live in are very block If someone got the flu, it was easily caught Same thing in the trenches t Flu killed people within 24 hours, a lot of people survived, but more people diedPeople war masks to prevent from flu Resources were limited as to keeping up with the sick Schools, churches, gems, to lay out bodies and help people Doctors and nurses were in shortage Elevates to the point where your respiratory scheme and blood causes your system to fail How the US Got Ready for WWW D raft people (selective service act) Age 21-30 were drafted Some volunteered 3 million men served Dodge draft, ghostlike reasons to not fight Raise money Liberty bonds Espionage Act unhinged about others spying on us Go after people who aid the enemy German spies in US (terrorist from Germany) Sedition act Dont criticize government or the war effort Propaganda Committee of populace information Posters Movies Demonic or villainies Remember causes of war Harlem Hell fighters Most honored army Black people People had their own music Jazz) Jazz age came Women Women in WWW dont get much real attention Women did lots of munitions work Dangerous work, often lost fingers, could lose their life They were the ones who made sure the men overseas had bullets, shells, guns, and uniforms in which to fight. They pushed and go heavy trucks Learned to mix chemicals Assemble airplanes Learned to weld and center Got to vote Operate machine tools

The Environment In Israels Environmental Sciences Essay

It is in battling crease befoulment that some of the greatest progresss contribute been made, notably in Haifa w present for old ages the population suffered from the pollution emanations of the local rock oil refinery and the Israel Electric Company take a shits, non to advert the colossal compo land sites devoted to chemical output signal such as Haifa chemical substances. In Jerusalem, it is non industrial but vehicular pollution that is trustworthy for the debasement of air quality.Nature fortress and wildlife management-Israel has a introduce of spirit and wildlife security system jobs that atomic number 18 al wizard. Beca use of goods and services of rigorous runing Torahs and in reality active cling toion of wildlife, Israel has become a safety for many native animate beings in an country where there is sm either protection offered. Except for Jordan, none of the environing Arab provinces curb a truly effectual personality protection service and many autochth onal animate beings such as gazelles, ibex, hyenas and others are now really rare in those states. In add-on, Israel is the impermanent residence and therefore de facto guardian of more than three-fourthss of Europe s migratory birds, which stop over here on their manner South in the fall and on their unsay to Europe in the spring.Noise abatement-Israelis, by and big are a noisy batch. Like all Mediterranean people they are convinced that if you are non heard you do nt be. Radios and stereos blaring, autos honk endlessly and the transition of breed is a rareness.Pesticides-Until June, 2001, there were at least a twelve pesticides in practise in Israel that are banned in most westerly states. Since Israel exports a assortment of fruits, veggies and cheeses, efforts are so made to maintain pesticide degrees to a lower limit, since the agriculturists and manufacturers know that wholesome transcending the rigorous European criterions will be returned. Although both the ministries of wellness and agriculture are supposed to supervise nutrient quality, both adamantly garbage to let go of their findings to the populace, keeping that this would put off people. Solid WasteRather more than 95 per centum of Israel s solid waste is hide in landfills, burned in alfresco cavities or left to disrupt in refuse mopess throughout the state. This is in contrast with Switzerland that buries merely 12 per centum of its refuse or Japan that buries 19 per centum. Recycling in Israel is so minimum as to barely merit reference.Surface Water contaminantThe serious disposition of the pollution of Israel s rivers was dramatically highlighted four old ages ago when a overcrossing over the Yarkon river collapsed and a group of Australian jocks viing in the Maccabi Games were throw into the contaminated river below. Several later died, and others were injured, non from the autumn but from the insidious hepatotoxic condition from characterisation to the toxic Waterss of the c hemically-polluted river.Toxic WasteToxic waste disposal in Israel has significantly improved over the past some old ages but is good-tempered a long manner from satisfactory. But the toxic waste site itself is every bit large a job as the one it was designed to work out. At the same clip, toxic waste from agribusiness and from families and little concerns has barely been addressed.Urban SprawlIn 1948, merely three per cent of the land in the state was under paving or asphalt by 1992 the grade had grown to over 17 per centum. Even this figure does non look big for a province that has known such a drastic summing up in population and such rapid development, except when one realizes that 95 per cent of the entire population of Israel lives North of Beersheba. This means that about all of the paved and asphalted land is in less than half the state.Initiative taken by Israel authorities for healthy environmentReforestationIsrael is a planetary leader of re-afforestation and nature saving.a? Israel is one of the few states that began the twenty-first century with more trees than it hadat the beginning of the twentieth century.The JNF attentions for 100,000 estates of natural forests.a? Israel has over 150 nature militias and 65 discip rip Parkss launch throughoutthe state.Alternate Energy-Israel-based Solel has operated a range of solar panels in California s Mojave Desert sincethe 1980s, rebuff drink overmaster U.S. dependance on oil by 2 million position of oil per twenty-four hours.a? Israeli startup Project expose Place is working to make a country-wide electric auto bringing with the backup of the Israeli cabinet.a? Using bacteriums that eat crude oil, PetroBioClean helps sassy up oil spills on land andsea.Battling DesertificationIsrael remains committed to the azoic Zionist end to do the desert bloom, non merely at dimension but in tonss of developing states confronting turningdesertification.a? Israel is one of cardinal states in the un iverse in which comeuppances are shriveling instead thanspread outing.In 2006, Israel hosted the planetary conference on battling desertification and waspraised by the United Nations for its attempts.a? In 2007, Nigeria and Israel agreed to a $ 17 billion undertaking to change by reversal desertification andconveying 2 million agricultural occupations to the country.DesalinationAcknowledging the limited availability of urine resources early in its history, Israelhas focused on going the te Valley of pee engineering.a? Israel began its desalination attempts in the sixtiess with the innovation of desalinization viavacuity freeze.a? In 2010, Israel launched its 3rd desalinization works in Hadera. It is the largest of its sort inthe universe.Water ConservationFrom the 1959 Water integrity ( which made all H2O public belongings ) to the popularmotto Do nt Waste a Drop, Israel has been a leader in H2O preservation.a? Israel treats 92 per centum of its outflowing and reuses 75 p er centum in agribusiness, the highestrate in the universe.Through the utilisation of go on irrigation techniques, Israeli farms have increased H2Oefficiency from 64 per centum to 90 per centum, compared to customal furrow irrigation.a? JNF has begun six preservation undertakings, which will use of course happening wetlands topurify effluent, without added chemicals or the demand for increased energy.Agricultural DevelopmentIn the tradition of the early Zionist innovators, Judaic husbandmans continue to utilize a categorisation of difficult work and invention to do Israel a land of milk and honey. a? Israeli company Bio-Bee Biological Systems uses insects like humblebees and fruit move toadvance cross-pollination and control plagues in an environmentally friendly manner.a? Israel is optimising ontogenesis government variables such as visible radiation, temperature, humidness,irrigation, and nutrition to cut cost and increase harvest efficiencyenvironmental regulations and ordin ancesthere are some(prenominal) regulations and ordinances formed by the ministry of environment protection of Israel which are as under. shine quality- breakout of Nuisances Law, 1961Suspension of Nuisances orders ( station Quality ) , 1992Nuisance Abatement Regulations ( Air befoulment from Vehicles on the Road ) , 2001Condemnable Procedure Order ( Finable Offenses Air defilement from Vehicles on the Road ) , 2001Extra Nuisance Abatement Regulations high-risk Substances Regulations precarious Substances Regulations ( Implementation of Provisions of the Montreal communications protocol ) , ( Amendment ) 2009Clean Air Regulations ( Disclosure of Air Pollution selective information from a Motor Vehicle in an Ad ) , 2009Clean Air Regulations ( Emission Permits ) , 2010Environmental PlanningPlaning and Building Law, 1965Planing and Building Regulations ( Environmental electrical shock Assessments ) , 2003Licensing of Businesses Law, 1968Freedom of Information Law, 1998Represen tation of Environmental Public Bodies Law ( legislative Amendments ) , 2002Environmental apology Law ( Polluter Pays ) ( Legislative Amendments ) , 2008Local political science Law ( Environmental Enforcement Governments of Inspectors ) , 2008Freedom of Information Regulations ( Public Access to Environmental Information ) , 2009 raging SubstancesPlant Protection Law, 1956Work Safety Regulations ( Workers with Pesticides ) , 1964Licensing of Businesses Regulations ( Disposal of raging Wastes ) , 1990 unassured Substances Law, 1993Licensing of Businesses Regulations ( godforsaken Industrial Plants ) , 1993Suspension of Nuisances Regulations ( Used anele ) , 1993 raging Substances Regulations ( moment and Export of dangerous Wastes ) , 1994Hazardous Substances Regulations ( Registration of Formulations for the Control of Pests Harmful to humankind ) , 1994Plant Protection Regulations ( Regulation of the Import and Sale of Chemical Preparations ) , 1994Hazardous Substances Regul ations ( Classification and Exemption ) , 1996Public Health Regulations ( Waste Treatment in Medical Institutions ) , 1997Safety at Work Regulations ( Material Safety selective information Sheets ) , 1998Railways Regulations ( Hazardous Substances canalise ) , 1999Hazardous Substances Regulations ( Disposal of Radioactive Waste ) , 2002Hazardous Substances Regulations ( Criteria for Determining Validity Periods for Poisons Permits ) , 2003Hazardous Substances Regulations ( Implementation of Provisions of the Montreal Protocol ) , ( Amendment ) 2009 cake of Sea Water Pollution by Oil Ordinance ( upstart Version ) , 1980Prevention of Sea Water Pollution by Oil Regulations ( Marine Environment Protection Fee ) , 1983Prevention of Sea Pollution ( dispose of Waste ) Law, 1983 TranslationPrevention of Sea Pollution ( Dumping of Waste ) Regulations, 1984Prevention of Sea Pollution from Land-Based Beginnings Law, 1988Prevention of Sea Pollution from Land-Based Beginnings Regulations, 19 90Protection of the Coastal Environment Law, 2004SUMMARY OF ISRAELS chemicalIntroductionThe chemical industriousness plays an of importee atom in Israel s economic development, consisting some 20 % of GDP by industry and a turning portion of the state s exports ( from 11.1 % in 2000 to 22.1 % in 2008 ) .Safe usage and ordinance of chemicals is an indispensable constituent of Israel s environmental policy. The chief models for chemical direction in Israel are the Licensing of Businesses Law, 1968 and the Hazardous Substances Law, 1993. Enforcement includes oversee on the gross revenues and acquisition of chemicals and supervising on the import of chemicals ( by Israeli Customs ) .Appraisal of Chemical RisksMechanisms for systematic rating, categorization, and labeling of chemicals, including enterprises towards a impose on _or_ oppressonical system of categorization and labeling of chemicalsAt present, the bing models for industrial chemical direction in Israel order the user of chemicals by agencies of rigorous steps for cradle to sculpt supervising of the production, import, storage, storage, processes, wastes and conveyance of chemicals.Following is a short outline of the mechanisms presently in usage in IsraelHazardous Materials Permit Under the Hazardous Substances Law ( 1993 ) , a Hazardous Materials Permit is call for for the holder of any chemical, whether the substance is in its simple signifier, assorted, or blended. A license is merely granted if the official appointed by the Minister of Environmental Protection is satisfied with the applicator s acquaintance with the characteristics of the crazy substances in his ownership and with their safety demands.Israeli Standard for Labeling and Marking of heartbreaking Substantives Israel Standard ( IS ) 2302 on Classification, Packaging, Labeling and Marking Dangerous Substances and Preparations ( revised in 2009 ) presents a compulsory consonant system that regulates the labeling of chemicals ( partly correlating to the EEC Dangerous Substances Directive ) . IS 2302 specifies labeling demands for chemicals in-house, during conveyance from installation to installation inside the same compound, and during the conveyance of unsafe substances by route or rail.Labeling of transported chemicals Regulation of the conveyance of risky substances rests with the Ministry of Transport. The ministry imposes specific demands for wadding, labeling and vehicle marker. The Transport Services Law of 1997 and its 2001 ordinances regulate the transit of unsafe substances and mostly correspond to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Model Regulations ( The Orange Book ) . All transported risky substances are marked harmonizing to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals ( GHS ) and include information on the maker or importer of the substance, warning Markss, exigency codifications, action to be taken, UN figure, and telephone figure o f an information centre.Information and Response Center for Hazardous Substances The Information and Response Center collects quantitative and qualitative information on risky substances that are used, produced, imported, exported, transported and disposed of in Israel. Data relate to measures, types, features and concentrations of substances found in all sectors and at all degrees, including industry and establishments on the local, regional and national degrees. In add-on, the Center maintains informations on safety, sensing, designation, disturbance, and neutralisation processs for chemical accidents.Enterprises for judgment of toxic chemicals, jeopardy and calamity appraisalPresently, enrollment and licensing of chemicals is carried out on pesticides, pharmaceuticals, nonfunctional readyings and nutrient additives.Pesticides used for agricultural and public wellness intents constitute a important per centum of all chemicals in Israel. The usage of these pesticides is carefu lly supervised to justify environmental wellness and safety. The Ministry of Agriculture s Plant Protection and recap Service is in charge of the enrollment and ordinance of pesticides for works protection representing most of the pesticides used in Israel.Registration of Pesticides for Agricultural UseThe pesticide enrollment procedure begins with proving and essay over a period of two old ages, following provisional blessing for limited usage. For the intent of enrollment, the Pesticides Division of the Plant Protection and limited review Services has established standards for subjecting toxicology file to the interministerial commission for coordination of pesticide usage.Registration of Pesticides for the Protection of Public HealthThe enrollment procedure for pesticides for public wellness intents is separate from that for agricultural usage. Israel s ordinances, approved in 1994, comply with rigorous supranational criterions and require applications for the enrollment o f a new molecule, new preparation, reclamation and alteration of name/label/packaging, etc.Registration of pharmaceuticalsThe Pharmaceutical Administration of the Ministry of Health is responsible, inter alia, for the enrollment of drugs. Each application is come with by elaborate deposition that relates to the consequences of a broad array of clinical and other experiments. Registration is merely granted following thorough inspection of these paperss every bit good as the reception of a certification of quality from the Institute for the Standardization and Control of Pharmaceuticals.Engagement in assorted international and regional enterprisesThe State of Israel has signed and/or sanctioned some(prenominal) international pacts on the usage of chemical substancesi The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants ( POPs ) The Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed take over Procedure for Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides ( PIC ) The Basel Convention on the Transbound ary Movement of Hazardous WasteVienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer and Montreal Protocol on Materials that Deplete the Ozone Layerstrategic Approach to International Chemical Management ( SAICM ) Recommendations on Guideline Values for Chemical Pollutants in the AirA reckon entitled Ambient Guideline Values for Chemical Pollutants in the Air was published in March 2006, with guideline values for 110 chemical pollutants in the air which are considered harmful to human wellness.The Ministry of Environmental Protection has adopted these guideline values and uses them as indispensable tools in finis devising processes on the followersApproval and licensing of new installations in industry or enlargement and alterations to bing installations Reviews of wellness hazards to the population in instance of exposure to a given pollutant andAppraisal of the necessity to cut down pollutant emanations from contrary beginnings if pollutant concentrations in the air exceed guideline values.Protecting Public HealthThe Ministry of Health is responsible for protecting public wellness including, inter alia, supervising of imbibing H2O quality and ordinance of chemical, pesticide and weedkillers residues and endocrines in nutrient.Additionally, the Ministry of Health, in cooperation with the Ministry of Environmental Protection, coordinates many epidemiologic studies. Following are some illustrationsCancer, decease, kids s illnesss and hospitalization were analyse amidst 1990 and 1999 in the Hadera country, near a coal power station prevalence of malignant neoplastic disease, lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases and take a breathing jobs were studied in the Haifa country where the crude oil industry is concentrated, during 1995-2004 A few studies were conducted in the Tel Aviv metropolitan country sing the relation between air pollution and many symptoms. One was carried out in coaction with the US Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) Sound Managem ent of Toxic ChemicalsAdvancement indoors the larger model of Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management ( SAICM )Israel endorses the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management ( SAICM ) , took portion in the Dubai declaration and put forward a focal point for SAICM.Relevant authorities bureaus work harmonizing to the SAICM when explicating their work programs and regulatory instruments in order to accomplish hazard light, administration, answerability and duty.Enterprises and inventions for hazard decrease, peculiarly taking in to account the life rhythm of the chemicalsIsrael has a broad organic structure of statute law and plans aimed at the decrease of hazards from bing chemicals, such as workers wellness and safety commissariats demands for Material Safety Data Sheets ( MSDS ) official criterions on the categorization, labelling, packaging and selling of industrial chemicals footings and conditions in Hazardous Materials Licenses, studies and monitoring plans. Furthermore, the Ministry of Environmental Protection on a regular groundwork reviews information about chemicals that may present wellness and environmental hazards.Pesticides and BiocidesThe usage of pesticides for agricultural or public wellness intents is carefully supervised to underwrite environmental wellness and safety. In 1997 a alteration of all registered pesticides and biocides was initiated, result in the prohibition of 11 active ingredients. Emphasis was given to curtailing or censoring chemicals that were antecedently authorized for usage. Specifically, chemicals with long DTs ( clip required for 50 % of the initial sedimentation to disperse ) are non granted a gross revenues licence.The undermentioned stuffs were banned or badly restricted afterwards 1997Sodium ArsenitePentachlorophenol2,4,5-TPMonocrothophosEthyl ParathionChlorphenapyrAldicarbHexasuronDinitro-o-cresolMethoxyethylmercuric chlorideEthylmercuric chloridePolicies and models for bar o f accidents, readiness and responseIn instance of accidents affecting risky substances, an incorporate exigency response system is imperative. To this terminal, Israel has developed a national exigency eventuality program for incorporate exigency response in risky substance accidents.Duties of the Chemical IndustryThe program imposes first duty for intervention of a chemical accident on the industrial works itself. Israel s industries are required to take all necessary stairss to forestall accidents, to cakehole exigency processs, to develop staff, and to fix suited equipment and safety cogwheel. In line with these demands, the Manufacturers Association of Israel has prepared a comprehensive study on executable agencies of covering with chemical accidents that occur during the conveyance of risky substances.Enterprises to cut down overdependence on the usage of agricultural chemicalsDecrease of pesticide usage is an of import end which aims to cut down environmental exposure to th ese stuffs. Pesticide ordinances are meant to forestall possibleharm from uncontrolled exposure to pesticides. National Maximum Residue Limits have been established for all pesticides in Israel that are based, whenever appropriate, on the Codex Alimentarius Limits.In Israel, several undertakings have been initiated to advance incorporate pest direction. They include, among others, usage of screen harvests to protect the dirt surface, insect-proof cyberspaces, insect traps, and natural enemies.

Ebay Case Study Essay

1. Describe EBays shade using the six characteristics describes in the prescribed text book jibe to the incorporate shade Index. Organisation Culture seat be defined as a system of sh bed beliefs and behaviours such as the vocabulary they use in the brass section, distinguish systems, nonionings and attitudes among each other and the interaction and norms of the members in the organisation. This determines how the company, employees and management interact and proceed with business transactions. An organisations kitchen-gardening lets mostly over time (Luthans, 2005). This set of beliefs is build indoors an organisation to create a smack of relation to employees and sometimes also consumers, it squirt be said that corporate culture is symbolic and identifies the organization as self. Corporate/organisational culture helps the organisation to achieve goals in their own port.A set of 20 cultural factors was developed by Henry Miglione, termed Corporate culture index (B rown and Harvey, 2006) The corporate culture index was developed to measure out an organisations culture. These cultural factors include the following characteristics subdivision IdentityCan be defined as the extent to which an employee indentifies with of within the organisation, taking into consideration their vocation and field of profession.Team EmphasisThe degree to with employees is able to feed unitedly as a team rather than focusing on psyche responsibilities, tasks and activities.People FocusThis involves the extend to which employees atomic number 18 empowered within the organisation. libertyThis involves the degree of independent and incorporated operation of the different departments within an organisation. haltHow rules, regulations and direct supervision is used to control employee behaviour that dealers to better performance, and to what extent. take chances ToleranceThe motivation and encouragement employees receive from the organisation to be more than aggressive, innovative, ch tout ensembleenging and risk seeking to improve performance and development within the organisation.Describing EBays corporate culture trough using the 6 characteristics mentioned above.Member IdentityThe working surround is casual and informal. Employees know what is expected from them and what they use up to do. They stay focused on their goals. With the casual and informal atmosphere employees are able to identify with the organisation easier as they feel at home. In the case study the organisational vision and mission is outlined ant this would advert it easier for the employees to identify with the organisation if they know what their working towards or standing for. They feel comfortable in their working environment and this leads to a better sense of identifying with their working environment/organisation.Team EmphasisEmployees work every day, they substantiate that a daily contri bution is necessary to reach the organisations goals, they even give away talk in the tearoom.People FocusEBay empower staff by making them brand executives that makes them brand orientated. Employees withdraw freedom within the blot to do their work in a casual and comfortable environment to enhance performance.AutonomyThe department or brand executive is responsible for(p) for the specific happenings in the department. Every department operates in a coordinated manner to assure threat every purchase is handled with the upmost importance. Whitman is alone about bottom line approach and performance.ControlEmployees know whats expected from them, the informal culture gives the employees a sense of comfort that substructure lead to better performance, although the approach is still corporate it stays comfortable. thither is no stick control. Employees are left to do their jobs without direct supervision. Employees have a drive to do their jobs as expected from them. The departments do not depend on one another so they know they are respon sible for the completion of their responsibilities or tasks.Risk ToleranceNo risks were mentioned but referring to the case study and the departments employees will have a sense of fight within the organisation against the different departments. EBay developed a target of net income users that they wanted to reach by the end of 2005. Their goals are innovative and reachable.2. in brief explain the socialisation process.Socialisation is the process where a new employee within the organisation learns and develops the skills, social knowledge, behaviour, norms and determine thats undertakeable in the organisation. This usually follows after the introduction or training phase after an employee has been appointed, it sens also be called learning the ropes. During socialisation an employee becomes aware of what is important in the organisation, what the organisation stands for and how things are being done. (Luthans, 2005)The socialisation process explained newfound employee expect ationsNew employees that join the organisation need to become aware of all the organisational norms, values and procedures of operation within the organisation. During this phase they need to be able to lie with it. This phase is easier handled when the new employee receives a mentor to help him/her through this process. (Brown and Harvey, 2006) The more the new employee fits and learns the new culture the more comfortable they feel.Encounter organisational cultureA new employee needs to learn their work group, and establish a relationship between the different members of group or team they work in. The new employee should understand and identify the way of functioning among the team members this includes the norms and values thats used in the group. During this phase the new employee will develop positive relationships among colleges as well as support networks within the team or group. (Luthans, 2005)Adjustment to cultural normsThe employee needs to accept the organisations cult ure and adapt to it. Responses to socialism can be identified into three different groups they can reject the values and norms of the organisation and become rebellious, the new employee can accept only a few of the values and norms and make peace with the symmetricalness in time or the new employee can accept all the values and norms of the organisation and fully adapt and adjust to the organisational culture, that will lead to a comfortable employment and working atmosphere for the new employee. egressWhen an organisations culture is developed in such a positive way the employees will improve production and performance. The organisations climate and culture are set in place to develop a mission and vision in the organisation. Employees should be allowed to adapt to the norms of adapt it as a whole for the reward of the organisation. (Brown and Harvey, 2006)3. BibliographyBrown, D.R. and Harvey, D. (2006) An Experiential Approach to Organisational Development. 7th ed. Upper Saddl e River, New jersey Pearson Education Inc.Luthans, F. (2005) Organisational Culture, Socialisation and mentoring. In Luthans, F. Organisational behaviour. 10th ed. Boston McGraw Hill Irwin, pp. 30-55.

Role Of Formal Devices In Emily Dickinson’s Poems

Emily Dickinson is one of the greatest American poets of the the early 1900s. Her style and prelude atomic number 18 unmistakable. During her lifetime she received little praise for her seduce and solitary(prenominal) a few of her rimes were published. The bulk of Dickinsons poems offer obscure meanings, vivid language, and brevity. Her poems turn to the themes of love, death, and nature. However in ofttimes Madness is divinest Sense and publish any the fair play but key out it dip Dickinson confronts the isolation and aggressive mixer control which plagued her life and continues to influence the lives of aspiring artists and nonconformists today.Dickinson uses formal literary devices to acquaint and convey to the reader her assertion that the expression of personal honor is non welcomed by society. The theme of Much Madness is divinest Sense is nonconformity. Dickinson believed that society was in bid manner rigid to acknowledge and accept anything that differed fr om the norm. Individuals who do not adhere to societal standards argon treated like outcasts within society. To be considered sane by society, alone one has to do is assent (6). Dickinson takes an ironic approach in which she believes that it is truly the majority which evidences the starkest unbalancedness (3).The theme in Tell all in all the Truth but tell it slant exhibits the same overall theme. However, this poem offers a more personal approach to the subject. Dickinson was a prolific source who was not just content to write about observing nature. Her poems show her deep reflection on the universal gentle experiences. Yet her work was often met with ridicule. It was within her writing that she learned she could tell the bright truth but only when through Cirrcuit lies. She believed that society was inflexible and infirmed and simply unavailing to accept the truth about itself.That truth must be offered in stagesor all people will be blind to it. both poems show Dickin sons use of puzzle. Paradox is when a statement seem remote but is actually true. In Much madness is divinest Sense the paradox is within the title. Madness in this poem actually refers to people who are telling the truth and that a godly quality. In Tell all the Truth but tell it slant the paradox exists in having to raise lies to tell the truth. The themes in these poems both address the issues of nonconformity in public and more unique(predicate) terms.The use of rhyme and standard in Much Madness is divinest Sense and Tell the Truth but tell it slant are used to parallel the nonconformist content of each poem. In Much Madness is divinest Sense Dickinson uses traditional iambic tetrameter and switches over to anapests. Anapests are created with each metrical foot consists of three syllables, the first two short or unaccented and the last one is long and accented. An example of anapest occurs lines 4-6 of Much Madness is divinest Sense. Dickinson writes T is the majority I n this, as all, prevails / Assent, and you are sane.The rhyme scheme in each could be consider slant rhyme. Traditional poetry keeps the rhyme at the culmination of each line. However, slant rhyme is disjointed and the rhyme is often forced. Sense,Madness, and austere all rhyme however, dangerous does not have the same fierceness or syllable count. The same is observed in Tell all the Truth but tell it slant. In this poem the rhyme is unaccented and altered. It is through the expectation that the end of lines will rhyme that displays Dickinson assertion that only through unorthodox means can she. and perhaps all artists, tell the truth.Lies and perplexity as well as kind and blind rhyme. However, lies and surprise have a different number of syllables. The odd rhyme and meter utilized by Dickinson contribute to her theme of nonconformity by interrupting the mobile flow of each poem. While each piece of poetry seems like free verse, it takes a couple of attempts to understand ho w the poem is actually so-called to sound. Dickinson expertly uses rhyme, meter, and paradox to support her belief that individuals who openly share revolutionary views on society are often isolated and treated cruelly by that society.These individuals are paradoxes. Society, blind to the truth they speak, would rather call them mad then deal with their own reflections. Dickinson wit as author, which is often overlooked, is all the way demonstrated in this poems. In Much Madness is the divinest Sense and Tell the Truth but tell it slant Dickinson exhibits her her ability to be an interpretor of the human experience. She easily relates the pressure of social conformity through intentional and specific word choice while still maintaining the brevity she is known for.

Physiological Impacts of World War Two Essay

When a soldier enlists into the array forces they know they are going in to fight for their terra firma and immunity for e truly matchless. They spend months training and preparing for the state of contend off the beaten track(predicate)e and what to come. They learn to fight, shoot, and kill enemies, but what they do not learn is how to cope with the after math of the contend. Soldiers in war e precise year come home with many post traumatic effects from what they had witnessed. During world war two this was known as husk shock however what can be concluded is that world war two impacted the soldiers emotion everyy and physiologically from the quantify they entered to post war. homo War Two was one of the biggest struggles nations everywhere sop up ever seen. It killed more(prenominal) mint, costs more money, damaged more property, and affected more peoplethan any separate war in history (The report on the Net Group). flock everywhere were in panic when the War end ureed. With all the damage wearye during the war it can be imagined how the soldiers were traumatized by losing their fellow traveller soldiers. The number of people killed, wounded, or missing between kinfolk 1939 and kinsfolk 1945 can never be calculated, but it is estimated that more than 55 jillion people perished (The History on the Net Group). Soldiers were devastated by the tragedies that occurred at the time of war. However, before the war started there were a lot of causes that went into why everything end up in war. World War Two began in September 1939 when Britain and France declared war on Germany following Germanys invasion of Poland.The war was triggered by Germanys invasion of Poland but the causes of the war are far beyond this fact. After World War One had occurred Woodrow Wilson, the president of the unite States of the States deficiencyed to make a treaty on his quadruplet point device to bring peace to Europe. Other countries involved in this treaty did not have the same idea as professorship Wilson. George Clemenceau wanted r eveged. He wanted to make sure Germany would never be able to start a war again. When Germany received this treaty they were very surprised with the terms. The terms included, war guilt clause, which meant Germany accepted all the rap music for World War One. Reparations, Germany had to pay millions in damage from the war. Disarmament, Germany could not have tanks or air force and land was taken away from them and granted to other countries.The Germans were not happy with this treaty and thought of it as very harsh. However the Germans took responsibility and continued on in hope to cook revenge later. In 1919, to dish out keep the world safe for nation the League of Nations was set up. League of Nations would intend that if there were disagreements between countries they would negociate rather than fight. The failure of the League of Nation can be summarized by points such as, not all countries connector in such as Germany as a punishment and Russia because of the spread of communism. The League of Nations had no antecedent or any army. Countries were hesitant to get involved with an aggressive country and taking direct action against them. These things led to the fall of the League of Nations.People were provoked because they did not want to cut off resources with other countries, even if they were aggressive because during the late 1920s picture hit most of them. The depression destroyed the market for imported silk from japan, which had provided the country with two fifths of its export income (The History on the Net Group). Economic problems played a fundamental portion in the cause of World War 2. Germany, one of the poor countries became stultify in power and vulnerable. When Adolf Hitler came into power he immediately began placing blame on other countries and making Germany at the top of resources again. All these aspects lead to the start of World War two in Europe.As the war in Europe continued President Franklin D. Roosevelt told America he did not want to get involved. He thought it was better to stay neutral in this matter and let them handle their own battle. The United States decided to last join the war after the bombing of drop curtain Harbor, however the issues had started old age before Pearl Harbor was dishonored. It starts with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, China. The Japanese beleaguer Manchuria on September 18th, 1931. China was in the middle of a depression, so the Japanese had the upper hand. When Russia found this out they were enraged meaning America was as well, being alliances with Russia. Also, the Japanese invading China violated the Kellogg-Briand conformity of 1928 which renounced war as national policy (Ketchum).The United states told Japan if they dont get out of China, they would stop trading oil with them. Japan stayed in China so the U.S stopped trading oil. Japan disliked this and held a gru dge on America for years. Besides this, The US was already trading with other countries through the Lend-Lease Act, a document allowing the US to lend countries like Britain war materials in exchange for money. Germany was also angry that America was helping their enemies. As a result the Nazis decide to sink the U.S supply ships to help keep them from sending resources to other countries.However, President Roosevelt did not want to enter war until the attack of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii occurred. This pushed the United States into the war officially on December 8, 1941. indemnify after we entered the war Hitler declared war on the United States. Followed by a United States declaration of war against Germany, and then the United States was in full involved in the war. America did not want to go to war but when America was targeted they decided to counter attack, however they did not plan on going to war with Germany but once they did it lead to one of the biggest and bloodiest wars of all time in history.My granddad, Edward Weil was lucky and un lucky enough to be able to experience World War 2. As a veteran soldier of war he tells me all his stories closely what the war was like. The war was a very hard time. He tells me, it was rough but it also brought the nation closer together and Americas pride shined. When I asked my grandad why he joined the war he has told me about the attack of pearl harbor and how everyone had to stand for the pledge of allegiance out of assess and when he put his hand to his heart a navy military officer came up to him and told him, You would look very good in a uniform. It in truth made my grandfather look at what he wanted to do and how he wanted to protect his nation. At the same time joining the war also impacted him in a negative way.During the war my grandfather was nervous but knew this was what he wanted to do. He precept the Japanese bomb his mother ship and his sailors being killed and put on the edge of the deck to t ake back and bury. These experiences get scarred into soldiers minds forever. They cannot ladder what they saw and those horrific actions done to one another. My grandfather was only 17 years old when he entered war. He wanted freedom and security measure for the American people.However, as a young teenage boy unchanging the war affected his emotions and to this day it is still a very artificial and emotional topic to him. During my interview with my grandfather as I talked about what he wished he could change about the war, he started to tear up and told me about all the people lost to the war and his friends. His ship pulled bordering to another ship while it was burning and the people were asking for help and they tried to save as many people as they could. My grandfather even lost his left hearing due to the war. He is very elevated to show his metals from the war and how he helped our nation. My grandfather is very proud to be a world war to veteran.

Examining the Consequences of School Bullying and Provocation

goon A question Paper Presented To Prof. Ma. capital of Seychelles R. Protacio city University of Pasay (CUP) In partial derivative Fulfillment Of the Requirements For English II Submitted by Ailyn Catolico BPG 1-1 March 4, 2013 Table of content P come alongs I. Acknow directgment 1 II. Introduction 2 III. Body A. The enigma and its basis 4 * Statement of the Problem/Objectives 4 * How does it mint the t from each superstaring of the readers in the future 6 * Why is it the theme pregnant 6 * deduction for coming(prenominal) coning 7 * What led them to this meet 7B. Compilation of Filipino Laws on Discipline and penalty of Children 9 * The 1987 opus of the Republic of the Philippines 9 * Rights of the Acc apply 9 * Court dictate for disciplinary Measures 9 C. methodology 10 D. Re noveld belles-lettres 11 * Local books 11 * Foreign Literature 12 IV. certainty 13 V. Definition of ground 15 VI. Reference/Bibliography AcknowledgementThe interrogationers wishe s to express their deepest gratitude to the special sight who cl purport ex bleeded their assistance for the success of this contr bring The Almighty God, who is the seminal fluid of life and strength of knowledge and wisdom. To the married mortal classmates, for sharing their knowledge and radical in helping the enquiryers in the building of the project and for their genuine apprehension, encouragement, hazarded role and guidance and whose expertise and knowledge were liberally sh bed. To the be grow it a moded p argonnts and guardians for untiring love and support. The Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, this flip of magical spell tail was heartily offered.Introduction The aim of this research was to determine the push almost and do of it in classroom. Although it is non of all conviction obvious, disciples ar bullied as early as dim-witted groom. Instances of deterrence draw take actor in inform, during outside programs, on the drill bus, and in neighborho ods. This research focuses on the fact of bully in classroom. It similarly focuses on ways to help students get laid with the incidents of bully. The regard of blustery and dupeization is assessed by taking into account the relative buffering imprint of a unequivocal consanguinity with one or twain p atomic number 18nts.Internalizing symptoms such as back outn behaviors, corporeal complaints, and worry and depression. intimidate early(a)s directly by hitting, threatening, or calling label is non a signifi dealt soothsayer the poor mental and bodied health of youngsters, whereas indirect determent (sp proveing rumors or non talking to person on purpose) does signifi offertly predict anxiety and depression, as whole few up as withdrawn behaviors. The invalidating imp venture of development and boss around is buffered by youngsters positive consanguinity with one or twain p atomic number 18nts.Recommendations ar plyd with regard to contingent inte rvention strategies underlying the importance of distinguishing amid variant forms of intimidation and exploitation and providing accessible support in each different case. Unfortunately, soaked-arm is an necessary sidetrack of life for baberen, but what it is the shell way to deal with hector so that two the bully and the dupe butt grow from the fetch and die mend passel? earlier this question dissolve be answered, it is important to explore e really shot gnarly with boss around.Specifically, we command to look at everything that bullies do, the way it involves both the victim and the bully, and exactly how much bullyrag currently occurs in civilizes. intimidate is very frequent and since the beginning of duration it has pestd schools all everyplace the world. It is a study grant do in forthwiths world and is well-worthy of discussion. Most of the time when people intend of ballyrag freeing on in schools, one generic picture comes to discern ment a big, scary boy flood tide along to a younger, punier shaver and saying, Give me your lunch money jolt hence the bully getting even to turn the victim upside pop to empty his pockets for lunch money. However, boss around is not perpetually that simple, and in that location does not necessarily fill to be somatic military group touch in narrate for whatsoeverthing to be considered push around. The Problem and its Background Statement of the Problem/Objectives on that point are different types of bullies that are common in schools today material bullies, oral bullies, and relational bullies. tangible bullies are practiced what they sound wish well, corporeal.These types of bullies tend to hit, kick, punch, shove, or use whatsoever new(prenominal) type of physical perspiration of energy towards other. Verbal bullies are the types of bullies that use harsh words such as name-calling, insults, racial comments, or comments round another students physical appearance in modulate to degrade their victim. Verbal hector is the nigh comm altogether account type of bullyrag. Finally, relational bullies impart for act by singling out their victim from their peer group. This is somely done by the bully using verbal threats or spreading undesirable rumors al close their victims.While these types of push around are not necessarily the stereotypical pictures that come to opinion when idea roughly bullies, they are all very secure and batch possibly draw some heavy detrimental do on both parties involved. This research was to check up on the impact of physical, verbal and social ballyrag in school, thereby astir(p) the knowledge base and insight of counselors who work with victims of push around. The study was feasible, as it was inside the financial and practical convey of the researcher. This three-figure study endeavored to answer the quest research question * What is the impact of bullying in the students? Is bullyi ng in school a normal part of life? * Do the fissiparous variables perceptions of school humour variables and school social station (the school a student fancys) have a signifi lavatoryt relationship with the students reporting world involved in bullying at all, whether as a bully or as a victim? The worry of bullying at school is a complex problem that emerges from social, physical, creational and community contexts, as well as the individual characteristics of the students who are bullied and victimized (Swearer &038 Doll (2001)).A profitable cloth for pull ining bullying is Bronfenbrenners ecologic g all overning body scheme (1979 1993). When the bionomical perspective is applied to bullying, a bullying inter exploit occurs not only because of individual characteristics of the minor who is bullying, but similarly because of actions of peers, teachers and school faculty, and physical characteristics of the school environment. How students perceive all these f actors pull up stakes be referred to as school climate in thus study. Families, cultural factors, and plain community factors besides revive a lineament in the natural event of the bullying interaction.The ecologic system theory, as conceptualized by Bronfenbrenner, has been used to study complex behaviors of baby birdren and adolescents. Bronfenbrenners ecological system theory is a useful textile in this study for several(prenominal) reasons. This ecological system theory takes into account that the student is not merely acted upon by the environment. The student is both active and respondive. Strength of skeletal system this study using Bronfenbrenners ecological theory is that it takes into account not just the environment, but students perceptions of the environment.This is important, because it accounts for why two students in similar environments may exhibit wildly different behaviors (Thomas, 1996). In summary, bullying is best conceptualized as intrinsic factors in the student interacting with the social environment, which past serves to rein advertise bullying and/or victimization behaviors. Bullying is a in force(p) problem that burn dramatically affect the ability of students to progress a detentemically and socially. A comprehensive intervention architectural plan that involves all students, parents, and school staff is required to ensure that all students merchant ship learn in a just and fear-free environment.How does it affect the teaching of the teachers, and how will it affect the teaching of the teachers in the future? One of core beliefs as students is that students need a riskless, at ease environment in order for attainment to occur. The researcher feels that if students are be bullied in school and in school-related situations, then their attention is not focus primarily on learnedness it is shared out between academics and concern close negative social situations that are associated with schools.In order to creat e a safe environment where the students quarter thrive as learners, they have decided to wonder into a phenomenon that often precludes students from thriving bullying. It is their try for and intention that by learning more(prenominal) about the phenomenon of school bullying, they can take measures to continue bullying in schools. These preventative measures include foster positive attitudes and empathy in schools to land the occurrence of bullying that the students face and teach those get by strategies with which they feel satisfied using when they are bullied.Why is it the topic important? In the past, bullying was considered a part of growing up now, psychologists are warning parents and teachers that bullying is a problem that could result in somber consequences for victims and bullies alike. One reason that bullying is a problem in schools is because people have not changed their recovering from that of the past which bullying is simply a part of growing up, and kids need to learn to deal with it. They indigence you to think that if cognitions about bullying were changed, the occurrence of bullying would decrease.They would agree If students attend schools in which bullying behaviors are received by adults and peers, it is plausible that they will compel in more of these behaviors. The frigid would likewise be true if students attend a school where bullying is not accepted, then it is possible that there will be fewer occurrence of bullying in that school over time. Implication for Future Teaching From this research, they loss you to lgain several things about the practice as students.They compliments you have a ripe(p) communication between internal and school so that parents and teachers understand your beliefs as students and that they feel the schools should be a safe environment in which you can learn. This way, you will feel at rest sharing your depressions with us and to your parents and teachers, and you will pretence giving eulogys and have your practice giving compliments to your parents in order to help press forward more frequent use of the compliment and proposal study. You can also try using other activities in the meetings to help the students understand the different aspects of the bullying problem.You can use role crop scenarios to pull up stakes the students the hazard to practice their responses to bullying situations and to help them understand how it feels to be in the topographic point of everyone involved in a bullying situation. They also want you to spend a penny that no matter what school levels we are, it will be important to aim these turn ups as well as other issues such as public community-building and character education in order to guide the students to appropriate social behaviors. What led them to this research?They have been evoke in bullying since they hear it in news. They were originally kindle in how teachers and school staff helped squirtren to cope w ith and understand the effects of bullying in schools. In their research for this, they instal that more teachers were using similar strategies for coping with bullying. Their interest narrowed spate to bullying in schools. The more they earned about bullying, the more interested in it they became because bullying is so plant in our society that m whatsoever adults and chelaren do not recognize its more a(prenominal) forms.Manifestations of bullying are open(a) as well as covert. The physical bullying and verbal torture are considered overt forms of bullying, but bullying also includes covert behaviors such as spreading rumors and social exclusion. At the end of their secondary school, they submitted an honors thesis proposal indicating research topic for ripened honors thesis for the High School. They go along to do more research and read books and articles about the topic of bullying. The literary productions invokes that bullying is a salient problem in the pastora l, ven in elementary school, and it can have negative effects later in life. consort to the article Bullying Facts for schools and parents, bullying is the most common form of force play in our society (Cohn &038 Canter, 2003, p. 1). Although bullying has negative consequences for everyone involved in a bullying situation, Banks article Bullying in schools states that there is a sloshed correlation between bullying during school age and having criminal or legal problems in adulthood (1997).As a people who were educated in the Philippines, they can attest to having different types of bullying experiences throughout school, and they believe that most people would admit to experiencing a bullying situation at some point in their life. Considering their position as a secondary gritty school for the entire year, they realized that not only did they need to think of ways to help children cope with bullying situations in their own lives they unavoidable to also consider ways to preve nt it from occurring.After some thinking, they decided that if they could acquire a way to foster empathy in schools, then the students would feel condole with toward victims of bullying and come to their aid, as well as not want to bully someone because they can animadvert what it must be like to be in that persons shoes. Compilation of Philippine Laws on Discipline and Punishment of Children THE 1987 organic law OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILLIPINES The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines (Constitution) is the autonomous written law in the country and it serves as the basic framework for any act or ruler of any branch or agency of the political relation.All laws must comply with its provisions, other than it will be state as void. Hence, it is necessary to refer to the Constitution and examine how it views the development of children in the context of the family and educational presentations. Rights of the Accused The banknote of Rights ( expression III, Constitution) enshr ines the rights of any person, including children in booking with the law, under probe for the commission of an offense. Article III, Section 12 preciseally prohibits the fol starting timeing 2. No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidations, or any other means hich rape the free will shall be used against any person under investigation for the commission of an offense. Secret cargo area places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited. Court Order for Disciplinary Measures As a means of assisting parents in imposing groom on a child, Article 223 provides that parents or, in their absence or incapacity, the individual, entity or institution exercising parental authority, may file a petition forward the proper court of the place where the child resides, for an order providing for disciplinary measures over the child.The article also provides that the child shall be entitled to the assistance of counsel, either of his choice or nominate by the court, and a summary auditory modality shall be posted wherein the petitioner and the child shall be heard. The court is authorized to necessitate such other measures as it may deem just and proper, including the trueness of the child childrens homes duly accredited by the proper government agency. Related Literature Upon researching the bullying and how it has become a common issue in schools today, the following literature was found through the search.To address the issue of bullying, the interventions and roles of school counselors need to be considered. In order for this to be done, a clear understanding of how predominant bullying is, the intervention strategies used, and the roles that school counselors play in this terrifying act call for to be addressed. Local Literature In 2001, the United Nations global Assembly, upon the request of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, called for the conduct of an in-depth study on violence against children through a r esolution.The study seeks to provide an in-depth global picture of violence against children as well as take aim clear recommendations for the improvement of legislation, policy, and programmed relating to the barroom of and responses to violence against children. Save the Children UK in the Philippines was greatly involved in the research initiatives of the Alliance on the physical and frantic punishment of children through its Research on the Physical and Emotional Punishment of Filipino Children, which was conducted in Cebu City in the Visayas and in Caloocan City in Metro Manila.The research provides entropy on (1) What children think about physical punishment (2) The types of punishment inflicted on children (3) The context of punishment (settings such as homes, schools, streets, institutions, and juvenile justice) (4) Who punishes children and why (5) What adults think about physical punishment and discipline and (6) Local means of non-violent skirmish resolution, which c an be used in programme interventions and advocacy (Save the Children UK, 2006).According to the subject Parent Teacher Association (2000) research has shown that effectively engaging parents and families in the education of their children has the potential to be far-off more transformational than any other type of educational reform. Foreign Literature In October 2004, according to Helen Phillips, San Diego, the age at which kids beginning(a) fall victim to bullying could influence how powerfully they are affected, suggests a new study. And, surprisingly, it is not the youngest kids who are hurt the most in the long term.Bullying can have long-lasting effects, but specially when it begins in adolescence, the researchers say. People subjected to either verbal or physical bullying are known to be at greater risk for development depression, anxiety disorders or to behave violently. that not everyone reacts in this way. Children bullied for the world-class time before they hit pubescence seem to get over it, but those are victimized for the first time late on in puberty seem to become more rough or are more likely to turn to drink as a means of coping. Much research has been inclined to the subject of parental function and how it affects the lives of children.Major legislation such as the Goals 2000, the devise American Act and the reauthorization of the elemental and Secondary Act (ESEA) have make parental involvement a national priority (Kyle, McIntyre, Miller, &038 Moore 2002). Methodology This research will address a problem that facing children of all ages this serious issue is bullying. The problem of bullying in schools is an important issue that ineluctably to be go on addressed. The specific aspects of bullying that need to be further studied are what causes bullies to bully peers and how victims cope with the way they are universe treated by classmates at school.When teens bully, it is likely they are experiencing some carriage of perso nal problem that needs treatment, and those who are victims develop problems that need to be treated. All students who are involved with bullying, regard slight of whether they are bullies or victims, need interventions before more serious issues develop. The problems both victims and bullies face can affect society as a whole since they can lead to more violent acts, suicides, and an increase in substance abuse.The more that is known about the issues associated with bullying, the more social workers can do to prevent it and develop better understandings of how to treat bullies and victims. This research will further explore causes of bullying behaviors and the coping mechanisms victims issue. The information gathered can potentially be useful in raising awareness on this topic and for creating new policies on bullying. decisiveness Based on the findings, the following conclusions are given concluded Bullies react aggressively in response to provocation or perceived insults or sligh ts.It is unclear whether their acts of bullying give them pleasure or are just the most effective way they have learned to get what they want from other. Bullying negatively affects both the child being victimized and the child who is the bully. There are always short-term affects and if the bullying is severe bounteous there can also be long term effects. Children who are bullied can suffer from low self esteem and other horny problems and children who do the bullying are much more likely to have problems with drugs and alcohol later in life.The victims of bullies often loose self esteem, take having trouble in school, and withdraw from friends and activities. If it is not stopped and continues for long enough, children can suffer these problems permanently. Not being able to understand the harm they do to themselves, psychopathic bullies are especially dangerous. Bullying should not be interpreted lightly as it can cause serious problems for all the children involved. existenc e bullied is a very disagreeable ordeal for children. Many bullying victims are reluctant to talk about their experiences making it even harder to help them.Never herald the child just to edit out the bullying. They will feel as if you are just going to displace it and they should not have bothered to separate in the first place. excite contact with bullys parents. much they are unaware of their childs behavior and will want to help work with you to make positive changes. Do not allow your child to hang around empty playgrounds or stay late at school alone. Teach them to always use the buddy system. sometimes children exhibit certain behaviors that puzzle or provoke others.If this is the case, help the child to find more fitting ways to interact with friends and peer groups. Bullying will forever plague schools all over the world and it is critical to know ways in which teachers and parents can work together in order to lessen the bollix bullying has on society, and keep our children safe and happy. A higher pure tone of life for students where they can focus on their academics at school kind of than on bullies will provide them with less stressful lives and prevent many of the problems, such as depression and suicide, which can oftentimes be think to childhood violence.Definition of Key Terms * solicitude a nervous feeling caused by fear that something bad is going to happen worry. * Buffering a person or thing that reduces a violate or protects someone or something against difficulties. * Bully a person who uses his or her strength or power to frighten or hurt weaker people. * Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior manifested by the use of force or coercion to affect others, particularly when the behavior is habitual and involves an derangement of power. * Depression to make somebody sad and without enthusiasm or hope. bad harmful. * Feasible that can be done practical. * Impact a strong effect or impression. * origination an organization established for social, educational, religious, etc. purposes. * hinderance to become involved in a situation, especially so as to prevent something happening or to try to help somebody. * Recommendation to suggest a course of action to advise something. * School educational institution for pupils up to 19 years of age. Reference/Bibliography Website/Inter salary * http//www. olweus. rg/public/authors. page * http//www. google. com. ph/url? sa=t&038rct=j&038q=research%20paper%20about%20bullying&038source=network&038cd=5&038cad=rja&038sqi=2&038ved=0CGwQFjAE&038url=http%3A%2F%2Feportfolios. ithaca. edu%2Fcmoses1%2Fdocs%2Fbullying. doc&038ei=bsM1UaT4K4iOiAfv6IHgAg&038usg=AFQjCNEwrr4Ecj-700ei_BMFwMutkTIhcA&038bvm=bv. 43148975,d. aGc * http//www. slideshare. net/victoriasantos9822924/bullying * http//www. ed. psu. edu/educ/pds/teacher-inquiry/2006/plackek. pdf * http//www. rb. se/eng/ political platform/TheUNStudyonViolenceagainstChildren. htmExamining the Consequences of School Bullying and ProvocationBULLYING A Research Paper Presented To Prof. Ma. Victoria R. Protacio City University of Pasay (CUP) In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements For English II Submitted by Ailyn Catolico BPG 1-1 March 4, 2013 Table of Contents Pages I. Acknowledgment 1 II. Introduction 2 III. Body A. The Problem and its Background 4 * Statement of the Problem/Objectives 4 * How does it affect the teaching of the teachers in the future 6 * Why is it the topic important 6 * Implication for Future Teaching 7 * What led them to this research 7B. Compilation of Philippine Laws on Discipline and Punishment of Children 9 * The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines 9 * Rights of the Accused 9 * Court Order for Disciplinary Measures 9 C. Methodology 10 D. Related Literature 11 * Local Literature 11 * Foreign Literature 12 IV. Conclusion 13 V. Definition of terms 15 VI. Reference/Bibliography AcknowledgementThe researchers wishes to express their deepest gratit ude to the special people who have extended their assistance for the success of this study The Almighty God, who is the source of life and strength of knowledge and wisdom. To the fellow classmates, for sharing their knowledge and idea in helping the researchers in the construction of the project and for their genuine apprehension, encouragement, patient and guidance and whose expertise and knowledge were generously shared. To the beloved parents and guardians for untiring love and support. The Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, this piece of work was heartily offered.Introduction The aim of this research was to determine the bullying and effects of it in classroom. Although it is not always obvious, students are bullied as early as elementary school. Instances of bullying make take place in school, during after-school programs, on the school bus, and in neighborhoods. This research focuses on the occurrence of bullying in classroom. It also focuses on ways to help students cope with the incidents of bullying. The impact of bullying and victimization is assessed by taking into account the relative buffering effect of a positive relationship with one or both parents.Internalizing symptoms such as withdrawn behaviors, somatic complaints, and anxiety and depression. Bullying others directly by hitting, threatening, or calling names is not a significant predictor the poor mental and somatic health of youngsters, whereas indirect bullying (spreading rumors or not talking to someone on purpose) does significantly predict anxiety and depression, as well as withdrawn behaviors. The negative impact of victimization and bullying is buffered by youngsters positive relationship with one or both parents.Recommendations are provided with regard to possible intervention strategies underlying the importance of distinguishing between different forms of bullying and victimization and providing social support in each different case. Unfortunately, bullying is an unavoidable part of l ife for children, but what it is the best way to deal with bullying so that both the bully and the victim can grow from the experience and become better people? Before this question can be answered, it is important to explore every aspect involved with bullying.Specifically, we need to look at everything that bullies do, the way it affects both the victim and the bully, and exactly how much bullying currently occurs in schools. Bullying is very frequent and since the beginning of time it has plagued schools all over the world. It is a major issue in todays world and is well-worthy of discussion. Most of the time when people think of bullying going on in schools, one generic picture comes to mind a big, scary boy coming along to a younger, punier child and saying, Give me your lunch money dork then the bully proceeds to turn the victim upside down to empty his pockets for lunch money. However, bullying is not always that simple, and there does not necessarily need to be physical viol ence involved in order for something to be considered bullying. The Problem and its Background Statement of the Problem/Objectives There are different types of bullies that are common in schools today physical bullies, verbal bullies, and relational bullies. Physical bullies are just what they sound like, physical.These types of bullies tend to hit, kick, punch, shove, or use any other type of physical exertion of energy towards other. Verbal bullies are the types of bullies that use harsh words such as name-calling, insults, racial comments, or comments about another students physical appearance in order to degrade their victim. Verbal bullying is the most commonly reported type of bullying. Finally, relational bullies will act by singling out their victim from their peer group. This is mostly done by the bully using verbal threats or spreading undesirable rumors about their victims.While these types of bullying are not necessarily the stereotypical pictures that come to mind when thinking about bullies, they are all very serious and can possibly have some serious detrimental effects on both parties involved. This research was to investigate the impact of physical, verbal and social bullying in school, thereby improving the knowledge base and insight of counselors who work with victims of bullying. The study was feasible, as it was within the financial and practical means of the researcher. This quantitative study endeavored to answer the following research question * What is the impact of bullying in the students? Is bullying in school a normal part of life? * Do the independent variables perceptions of school climate variables and school membership (the school a student attends) have a significant relationship with the students reporting being involved in bullying at all, whether as a bully or as a victim? The problem of bullying at school is a complex problem that emerges from social, physical, institutional and community contexts, as well as the individ ual characteristics of the students who are bullied and victimized (Swearer &038 Doll (2001)).A useful framework for understanding bullying is Bronfenbrenners ecological system theory (1979 1993). When the ecological perspective is applied to bullying, a bullying interaction occurs not only because of individual characteristics of the child who is bullying, but also because of actions of peers, teachers and school staff, and physical characteristics of the school environment. How students perceive all these factors will be referred to as school climate in thus study. Families, cultural factors, and even community factors also play a role in the occurrence of the bullying interaction.The ecological system theory, as conceptualized by Bronfenbrenner, has been used to study complex behaviors of children and adolescents. Bronfenbrenners ecological system theory is a useful framework in this study for several reasons. This ecological system theory takes into account that the student is n ot merely acted upon by the environment. The student is both active and reactive. Strength of framing this study using Bronfenbrenners ecological theory is that it takes into account not just the environment, but students perceptions of the environment.This is important, because it accounts for why two students in similar environments may exhibit wildly different behaviors (Thomas, 1996). In summary, bullying is best conceptualized as intrinsic factors in the student interacting with the social environment, which then serves to reinforce bullying and/or victimization behaviors. Bullying is a serious problem that can dramatically affect the ability of students to progress academically and socially. A comprehensive intervention plan that involves all students, parents, and school staff is required to ensure that all students can learn in a safe and fear-free environment.How does it affect the teaching of the teachers, and how will it affect the teaching of the teachers in the future? One of core beliefs as students is that students need a safe, comfortable environment in order for learning to occur. The researcher feels that if students are being bullied in school and in school-related situations, then their attention is not focused primarily on learning it is divided between academics and concern about negative social situations that are associated with schools.In order to create a safe environment where the students can thrive as learners, they have decided to inquire into a phenomenon that often precludes students from thriving bullying. It is their hope and intention that by learning more about the phenomenon of school bullying, they can take measures to prevent bullying in schools. These preventative measures include fostering positive attitudes and empathy in schools to reduce the occurrence of bullying that the students face and teach those coping strategies with which they feel comfortable using when they are bullied.Why is it the topic important? In th e past, bullying was considered a part of growing up now, psychologists are warning parents and teachers that bullying is a problem that could result in serious consequences for victims and bullies alike. One reason that bullying is a problem in schools is because people have not changed their thinking from that of the past which bullying is simply a part of growing up, and kids need to learn to deal with it. They want you to believe that if cognitions about bullying were changed, the occurrence of bullying would decrease.They would agree If students attend schools in which bullying behaviors are accepted by adults and peers, it is plausible that they will engage in more of these behaviors. The opposite would likewise be true if students attend a school where bullying is not accepted, then it is possible that there will be fewer occurrence of bullying in that school over time. Implication for Future Teaching From this research, they want you to learned several things about the pr actice as students.They want you have a good communication between home and school so that parents and teachers understand your beliefs as students and that they feel the schools should be a safe environment in which you can learn. This way, you will feel comfortable sharing your feelings with us and to your parents and teachers, and you will model giving compliments and have your practice giving compliments to your parents in order to help facilitate more frequent use of the compliment and proposal study. You can also try using other activities in the meetings to help the students understand the different aspects of the bullying problem.You can use role play scenarios to give the students the opportunity to practice their responses to bullying situations and to help them understand how it feels to be in the shoes of everyone involved in a bullying situation. They also want you to realize that no matter what school levels we are, it will be important to address these issues as well as other issues such as general community-building and character education in order to guide the students to appropriate social behaviors. What led them to this research?They have been interested in bullying since they heard it in news. They were originally interested in how teachers and school staff helped children to cope with and understand the effects of bullying in schools. In their research for this, they found that many teachers were using similar strategies for coping with bullying. Their interest narrowed down to bullying in schools. The more they earned about bullying, the more interested in it they became because bullying is so embedded in our society that many adults and children do not recognize its many forms.Manifestations of bullying are overt as well as covert. The physical bullying and verbal harassment are considered overt forms of bullying, but bullying also includes covert behaviors such as spreading rumors and social exclusion. At the end of their secondary sch ool, they submitted an honors thesis proposal indicating research topic for senior honors thesis for the High School. They continued to do more research and read books and articles about the topic of bullying. The literature suggests that bullying is a salient problem in the country, ven in elementary school, and it can have negative effects later in life. According to the article Bullying Facts for schools and parents, bullying is the most common form of violence in our society (Cohn &038 Canter, 2003, p. 1). Although bullying has negative consequences for everyone involved in a bullying situation, Banks article Bullying in schools states that there is a strong correlation between bullying during school years and having criminal or legal problems in adulthood (1997).As a people who were educated in the Philippines, they can attest to having different types of bullying experiences throughout school, and they believe that most people would admit to experiencing a bullying situation a t some point in their life. Considering their position as a secondary high school for the entire year, they realized that not only did they need to think of ways to help children cope with bullying situations in their own lives they needed to also consider ways to prevent it from occurring.After some thinking, they decided that if they could find a way to foster empathy in schools, then the students would feel compassionate toward victims of bullying and come to their aid, as well as not want to bully someone because they can imagine what it must be like to be in that persons shoes. Compilation of Philippine Laws on Discipline and Punishment of Children THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILLIPINES The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines (Constitution) is the supreme written law in the country and it serves as the basic framework for any act or rule of any branch or agency of the government.All laws must comply with its provisions, otherwise it will be declared as void. Hence, it is necessary to refer to the Constitution and examine how it views the development of children in the context of the family and educational institutions. Rights of the Accused The Bill of Rights (Article III, Constitution) enshrines the rights of any person, including children in conflict with the law, under investigation for the commission of an offense. Article III, Section 12 specifically prohibits the following 2. No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidations, or any other means hich vitiate the free will shall be used against any person under investigation for the commission of an offense. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited. Court Order for Disciplinary Measures As a means of assisting parents in imposing discipline on a child, Article 223 provides that parents or, in their absence or incapacity, the individual, entity or institution exercising parental authority, may file a petition before the pro per court of the place where the child resides, for an order providing for disciplinary measures over the child.The article also provides that the child shall be entitled to the assistance of counsel, either of his choice or appointed by the court, and a summary hearing shall be conducted wherein the petitioner and the child shall be heard. The court is authorized to adopt such other measures as it may deem just and proper, including the commitment of the child childrens homes duly accredited by the proper government agency. Related Literature Upon researching the bullying and how it has become a common issue in schools today, the following literature was found through the search.To address the issue of bullying, the interventions and roles of school counselors need to be considered. In order for this to be done, a clear understanding of how prevalent bullying is, the intervention strategies used, and the roles that school counselors play in this terrifying act needs to be address ed. Local Literature In 2001, the United Nations General Assembly, upon the request of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, called for the conduct of an in-depth study on violence against children through a resolution.The study seeks to provide an in-depth global picture of violence against children as well as propose clear recommendations for the improvement of legislation, policy, and programmed relating to the prevention of and responses to violence against children. Save the Children UK in the Philippines was greatly involved in the research initiatives of the Alliance on the physical and emotional punishment of children through its Research on the Physical and Emotional Punishment of Filipino Children, which was conducted in Cebu City in the Visayas and in Caloocan City in Metro Manila.The research provides information on (1) What children think about physical punishment (2) The types of punishment inflicted on children (3) The context of punishment (settings such as homes , schools, streets, institutions, and juvenile justice) (4) Who punishes children and why (5) What adults think about physical punishment and discipline and (6) Local means of non-violent conflict resolution, which can be used in programme interventions and advocacy (Save the Children UK, 2006).According to the National Parent Teacher Association (2000) research has shown that effectively engaging parents and families in the education of their children has the potential to be far more transformational than any other type of educational reform. Foreign Literature In October 2004, according to Helen Phillips, San Diego, the age at which kids first fall victim to bullying could influence how strongly they are affected, suggests a new study. And, surprisingly, it is not the youngest kids who are hurt the most in the long term.Bullying can have long-lasting effects, but particularly when it begins in adolescence, the researchers say. People subjected to either verbal or physical bullying are known to be at greater risk for developing depression, anxiety disorders or to behave violently. But not everyone reacts in this way. Children bullied for the first time before they hit puberty seem to get over it, but those are victimized for the first time late on in puberty seem to become more aggressive or are more likely to turn to drink as a means of coping. Much research has been devoted to the subject of parental involvement and how it affects the lives of children.Major legislation such as the Goals 2000, the Educate American Act and the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Act (ESEA) have made parental involvement a national priority (Kyle, McIntyre, Miller, &038 Moore 2002). Methodology This research will address a problem that facing children of all ages this serious issue is bullying. The problem of bullying in schools is an important issue that needs to be further addressed. The specific aspects of bullying that need to be further studied are what cause s bullies to bully peers and how victims cope with the way they are being treated by classmates at school.When teens bully, it is likely they are experiencing some sort of personal problem that needs treatment, and those who are victims develop problems that need to be treated. All students who are involved with bullying, regardless of whether they are bullies or victims, need interventions before more serious issues develop. The problems both victims and bullies face can affect society as a whole since they can lead to more violent acts, suicides, and an increase in substance abuse.The more that is known about the issues associated with bullying, the more social workers can do to prevent it and develop better understandings of how to treat bullies and victims. This research will further explore causes of bullying behaviors and the coping mechanisms victims issue. The information gathered can potentially be useful in raising awareness on this topic and for creating new policies on b ullying. Conclusion Based on the findings, the following conclusions are given concluded Bullies react aggressively in response to provocation or perceived insults or slights.It is unclear whether their acts of bullying give them pleasure or are just the most effective way they have learned to get what they want from other. Bullying negatively affects both the child being victimized and the child who is the bully. There are always short-term affects and if the bullying is severe enough there can also be long term effects. Children who are bullied can suffer from low self esteem and other emotional problems and children who do the bullying are much more likely to have problems with drugs and alcohol later in life.The victims of bullies often loose self esteem, start having trouble in school, and withdraw from friends and activities. If it is not stopped and continues for long enough, children can suffer these problems permanently. Not being able to understand the harm they do to them selves, psychopathic bullies are particularly dangerous. Bullying should not be taken lightly as it can cause serious problems for all the children involved. Being bullied is a very stressful ordeal for children. Many bullying victims are reluctant to talk about their experiences making it even harder to help them.Never tell the child just to ignore the bullying. They will feel as if you are just going to ignore it and they should not have bothered to tell in the first place. Make contact with bullys parents. Often they are unaware of their childs behavior and will want to help work with you to make positive changes. Do not allow your child to hang around empty playgrounds or stay late at school alone. Teach them to always use the buddy system. Sometimes children exhibit certain behaviors that irritate or provoke others.If this is the case, help the child to find more suitable ways to interact with friends and peer groups. Bullying will forever plague schools all over the world and it is vital to know ways in which teachers and parents can work together in order to lessen the blow bullying has on society, and keep our children safe and happy. A higher quality of life for students where they can focus on their academics at school rather than on bullies will provide them with less stressful lives and prevent many of the problems, such as depression and suicide, which can oftentimes be linked to childhood violence.Definition of Key Terms * Anxiety a nervous feeling caused by fear that something bad is going to happen worry. * Buffering a person or thing that reduces a shock or protects somebody or something against difficulties. * Bully a person who uses his or her strength or power to frighten or hurt weaker people. * Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior manifested by the use of force or coercion to affect others, particularly when the behavior is habitual and involves an imbalance of power. * Depression to make somebody sad and without enthusiasm or h ope. Detrimental harmful. * Feasible that can be done practical. * Impact a strong effect or impression. * Institution an organization established for social, educational, religious, etc. purposes. * Intervention to become involved in a situation, especially so as to prevent something happening or to try to help somebody. * Recommendation to suggest a course of action to advise something. * School educational institution for pupils up to 19 years of age. 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