Use of Social Media in Promoting Stakeholder

USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN PROMOTING STAKEHOLDER RELATIONS IN THE educational SECTOR DEFINITION OF SOCIAL MEDIA companion able media has rapidly integrated itself into our habitual lives, both(prenominal) personal and professional, and its perhaps had no ampleer wedge than on the ground of marketing, with consumers and brands gain vigoring enormous benefits and changes. affectionate media liter t issue ensembley heart interactive platforms by agency of which individuals and comm unities manufacture and sh ar usager-generated contents. fond media atomic number 18 accessible softw atomic number 18 which mediates human parley.When the technologies are in place, amicable media is ubiquitously accessible and alterd by scalable communicating techniques. In the year 2012, genial media became mavenness of the close powerful sources for youthfuls updates done platforms much(prenominal) as Twitter and Facebook (Kietzmann et al. 2011). Social media technologies take on mingled forms including magazines, Internet forums, weblogs, mixer blogs, microblogging, wikis, loving ne cardinalrks, podcasts, photographs or pictures, telecasting, rating and favorable bookmarking.Social media slew be classified into six polar types collaborative projects (for example, Wikipedia), blogs and microblogs (for example, Twitter), content communities (for example, YouTube), mixer ne dickensrking sites (for example, Facebook), practical(prenominal) game worlds (e. g. , World of fight craft), and virtual accessible worlds (e. g. Second Life). Technologies accept blogs, picture-sharing, vlogs, w exclusively-postings, email, instant messaging, music-sharing, crowdsourcing and voice everywhere IP, to name a few (Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010). Many of these tender media services knack up be integrated via complaisant network aggregation platforms.Social media network websites include sites analogous Flickr, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube, Bebo and M ySpace. Social media applications uptaked on sprightly devices are called wide a take fire genial media. In comparison to traditional social media running on computers, winding social media display a higher location- and clock epoch-sensitivity. One back tooth differentiate between four types of erratic social media applications (Kaplan, 2012), depending on whether the communicate takes account of the specialised location of the social occasionr (location-sensitivity) and whether it is received and acted by the roler instantaneously or with a sequence delay (time-sensitivity). . Space-timers (location and time sensitive) Exchange of messages with relevance for one specific location at one specific point-in time (e. g. , Facebook Places Foursquare). 2. Space-locators (only location sensitive) Exchange of messages, with relevance for one specific location, which are tagged to a certain place and read aft(prenominal) by former(a)s (e. g. , Yelp Qype). 3. Quick-timers (o nly time sensitive) Transfer of traditional social media applications to mobile devices to increase immediateness (e. g. posting Twitter messages or Facebook status updates). 4. S mortified-timers (neither location, nor time sensitive) Transfer of traditional social media applications to mobile devices (for example, watching a YouTube video or reading a Wikipedia entry). Mobile social media potful besides be utilise on the go when one is not cheeseparing a personal computer, lap-top etc. With all the new devices that are arriving at our finger tips, gadgets such as tablets, ipods, phones, and many other new products, in that respect is no use for sitting at home employ ones PC.Mobile social media has do other sources of meshwork browsing obsolete and allows users to write, respond, and browse in real-time. A new medium of social net workings Instagram allow the world to interlink and makes space and time often time smaller than anyone can imagine. Instagram allows indivi duals to snap a photo wherever they whitethorn be and share it with the rest of the world instantly, delivering a social media site full of foreign accomplishments and strange scenarios.This indication was introduced by facebook and other existing social media sites, besides instagram is the latest appendix to the social media scene, and has made picture sharing an absolute must. Mobile social media is a relatively new function because it was just recently that mobile devices render access to the internet and the cloud (Kaplan, 2012). PURPOSES OF SOCIAL MEDIA The purpose of Social media can be explained its use in the area of businesses. Here, social media whitethorn be referred to as consumer-generated media (CGM).A common thread running through all definitions of social media is a blending of technology and social interaction for the co-creation of value. Generally, quite a little obtain entropy, education, news and other data from electronic and print media. However, stran ge industrial or traditional media, such as newspapers, television and film, social media shows its distinction as they are comparatively inexpensive and accessible to alter anyone, even private individuals to make or access information. Industrial media on the other hand generally withdraw significant resources o publish information. One characteristic shared by both social and industrial media is the capability to cathode-ray oscilloscope small or large audiences for example, either a blog post or a television show may reach n heap or millions of citizenry. Some of the properties that help suck the differences between social and industrial media are in the aspect of reach, accessibility, usability, immediacy and permanence. (a) Reach Both industrial and social media technologies provide scale and are capable of reaching a global audience.Industrial media, however, typically use a centralized framework for scheme, production, and dissemination, whereas social media are by their genuinely temperament more decentralized, less hierarchical, and distinguished by multiple points of production and utility. (b) accessibility The means of production for industrial media are typically g overnment and/or corporate (privately-geted). Social media scapes are generally available to the humans at little or no cost. (c) Usability Industrial media production typically requires narrow down skills and readiness.Conversely, most social media production requires only modest reinterpretation of existing skills in theory, anyone with access can operate the means of social media production. (d) Immediacy The time lag between communications piddled by industrial media can be long (days, weeks, or even months) compared to social media (which can be capable of virtually instantaneous responses). However, as industrial media begins adopting aspects of production normally associated with social media roosters, this feature may not prove distinctive over time. e) perm anency Industrial media, once created, cannot be altered (once a magazine obligate is printed and distributed changes cannot be made to that same article) whereas social media can be altered almost instantaneously by comments or editing (Kietzmann et al. , 2011). Community media take a hybrid of industrial and social media. Though fellowship-owned, almost union radio, TV and newspapers are run by professionals and close to by amateurs. They use both social and industrial media frameworks. Social media has in any case been recognized for the mode in which it has changed how public traffic professionals conduct their jobs.It has provided an open arena where people are free to exchange ideas on companies, brands and products. Social media provides an environment where users and PR professionals can converse, where PR professionals can promote their brand and improve their companys image, by listening and responding to what the public is saying about their product. STAKEHOLDER RELATIONS IN THE educational SECTOR The word- stakeholders patently means a person, assort or organization that has interest or concern in an organization. Stakeholders can affect or be affected by the organizations actions, objectives and policies.Some examples of key stakeholders are creditors, directors, employees, government (and its agencies), owners (shareholders), suppliers, unions, and the community from which the business draws its resources (Clarkson, 1995). In the educational sector, the major stakeholders comprise of the savants, the funding (and managerial) bodies, the sedulousness employers, the donnishs and the general public. Universities and colleges increasingly are using new communication technologies to produce innovative teaching methods, thus improving kinds with module and students.Much of this innovation is pertain on social media spaces and concepts. Many of the most significant social media whoresons are still very young but the concepts of social networking, online video, and blogging go grit to the earliest days of the Internet. Indeed, educators and library professionals were quick to see the value of blogs as they appeared, part as a mechanism to bypass complex or fall institutional website-updating processes. They are in ilk manner a path to reach out, to share news and reflections with colleagues and students both within and beyond institutional walls.As the front social networking sites emerged, combining the functionality of bulletin boards with personal profiles and instant messaging tools, students were too soon adopters using the sites like FriendsReunited to maintain existing friendships and to establish personal resist networks. Friendster extended the idea of what these spaces could do, and by the time Facebook launched (for those with university email extendes), students were well wide-awake to experiment, socialize, and share their networks online.Some librarians and academics go withed students into these spaces, sharing practical information and trying these new forms of engagement. right away with the widespread use of tools and technologies like YouTube, Twitter, blogs, wikis and Facebook, social media is apply for teaching in higher education (Kent and Taylor, 1998). Students remain ahead of social media users in various higher education groups. While many attribute this to generational factors, it is likewise true that students are more highly motivated by the necessity to find and bond with new peers and emf social groups.Many find alive(p) in a new online space a relatively low stakes issue of experimenting and exploring the spaces that work for them, or that their friends use. Academic lag countenance been slower to find their feet, but the success of pioneering colleagues in communicating and winning students in their work, or gaining professional advantage through social media spaces, has helped pay off change and, in some cases institutional leadership . Rolling out blogging tools and nourishment across the university has led to a creative, thoughtful, and lively culture of blogging within the university including a rapid turnover of very high quality content.A key strong suit of social media is the distributed model of connection, posting, and military action feeds that enables structure an ongoing traffichip with stakeholders through low stakes participation (Christ, 2005). Indeed the most common use of social media in higher education is as a means of amplifying existing events, publications and websites. Social media resources are often provided for passive use as information sources or teaching resourcesperhaps an alert to an upcoming event, a blog post that directs the reader to formal academic literature, or a video that demonstrates a key technique or concept.A single action, such as sharing a link or discerning a Facebook page or Twitter profile, allows an individual to casually participate in a relationship with a higher education institution. From there individuals can excessively take active steps of clicking the like or follow or subscribe to feed button to receive regular updates and alerts, cover their interest in pull ahead dialog. This simple sharing functionality is very valuable, but the real benefits for higher education often come from more desegregation of social media with teaching and student support.Social media in any case provides the opportunity for communication, professional tuition and collaboration among constituents of teaching and research mental faculty, information services module and administrators. This communication can work well in closed institutional spaces (such as an intranet) but collaborating publicly on the web (for example, through blogs or Twitter) enables both local colleagues and broader peers to read and participate in discussions. The most key relationship for most educators and academic organizations is with their students, and social medi a can be a very active and responsive hannel for supporting and gentle with students. While email remain the key means of communication for most professionals in the education sector, students get into higher education with established social media presences and a culture of using Facebook Messages/Chat, text messages, and related tools (for example, InstantMessanger, BlackBerry Messenger, and Skype). These social media and mobile tools may be used by colleges and universities, but it is important to manage expectations students need to chicane which channels they are required to use (likely to include email) and which channels are optional (such as a course Facebook group).They must also come across which spaces to use for official correspondence, assignment submission, or urgent queries. Staff cannot monitor lizard all social media channels at all times, but endorsing spaces that enable peer support can help meet student inescapably outside of working hours. For part time a nd online courses, scheduling virtual even tutorials or office hours can also provide a docile and valued space for student support and participation. Social media can also enhance traditional in-person learning to great effect. For instance, the collaborative personality of wikis offers particular opportunities for innovative teaching practice.This process empowers students to take ownership and business for their own learning and to build a productive peer community. It also alters the relationship and expectations that exist between staff and students from one-way teaching to an ongoing bipartisan process in both challenging and highly honour ways. For those learning on a part-time, distance, or flexible basis, it can be difficult to feel part of the educational community, to connect with peers whom you may see rarely or not see at all, and to form the types of social groups that enable peer support and friendship.Social media can help create a sentiency of community, of be ing among real people and, in some spaces (including virtual worlds), a real sense of embodiment. Some students feel more able to express themselves fully and confidently in online contexts, and for these students, social media provides a way to tie their more confident online selves with their real world identities. For others, social media is simply a route to avoid isolation.The participation of teaching and support staff in these spaces provides the opportunity to build richer relationships with learners, and to notice concerns, issues, or misunderstandings. These issues may not be easily or comfortably articulated in other teaching spaces, such as a more formal classroom or e-learning space. The beneficial possibilities of social media also bring potential risk, partly because any increased visibility brings with it greater exposure to vulnerability and the scuttle of embarrassment or failure in a very public space.From an organizational and worry perspective, the most signif icant benefits and the most notable risks grind away from the democratizing nature of social media when anyone can potentially create content there will, of course, be risks associated with loss of control. This can be tricky to negotiate because much of the appeal of social media is its formality, often tied to a sense of fun, transgression, and pleasant anarchy. Educational organizations piss a moral and legal responsibility to quality after both staff and students, and to consider their estimablety and privacy.There are risks associated with load-bearing(a) staff and students to register for and share personal information with social media sites, in particular when requiring student participation as a course requirement. You must create a process for dealing with potential bullying or offensive behavior. Because social media necessitates faster, less formalized processes than traditional print or online media, it can be beneficial to create appropriate organizational poli cies, procedures, and guidelines.These policies must lie with both the risks and benefits of social media. It is important that the organization accepts and understands those guidelines. Outright bans on social media usage are rarely desirable or effective, and heavy parapet can push individuals whether staff or student to create more controversial or outspoken presences on a pseudonymous on anonymous basis. This reaction can both risk a ostracize impact on the organization, and mean that the organization misses officially recognized contributions from energized particles of the community.The most successful social media guidelines and policies are encouraging and nurturing in tone, highlight pricey practice and clarify the appropriate use of these tools. They must also pay back material that is not appropriate for sharing, and indicate some form of process for dealing with conflicts arising from social media interactions. Every higher education institution is different so i t is important to both draw on others experience and issue your guidelines or policies so that they are a good fit for your own organizations needs and audience.Remember that the speed of social media rearment is such that no set of guidelines or policies will be definitive they will need to be iterated over time and updated to reflect the changing social media and legal environment. Embedding social media into normal working practices can take time and effort, so it is important to consider the goals and desired outcome of that practise, whether that is easily measured (such as new admissions, achievement of funding goals) or something more amorphous (improved good will, demote morale within an educational institution).It is also useful to consider assemblage metrics (counts of tweets, comments received or more complex information) so that activity can be considered, reflected upon, and developed or discontinued as appropriate. local hosting or restricted/private cloud hostin g of social media tools can be an effective way to bring in concert social media functionality in a protected and trusted institutional space. Tools including IBM Connections, which act as a hosted retinue of social media and business software tools, can be useful.Whether using a hosted or web-based social media tool, it is always useful to try any tool for a few weeks with colleagues or peers to identify problems or concerns before committing to a public (whether to your staff and/or students or the open web) social media presence. intend suitable staff time and processes to create, maintain, monitor, and reflect upon social media presences helps to ensure that the presences are taken seriously and that involved staff feel a sense of ownership and responsibility in these new spaces.Blogs see become a central tool for academic research and for teaching and learning over the last five historic period. Many programs require students to blog reflectively on their progress throughou t a course and submit this as class-conscious work. These blogs provide a great space for reflection, for recording progress with academic readings and developing ideas, and for discussion with peers from the wider world. In schools, there are greater risks to address in terms of privacy and access to resources but there is also huge potential for innovation. The award winning Im a Scientist, Get me out of Here initiative (Pontin, 2010) used a natural endowment show format to connect practicing scientists with school children. Over the course of two weeks, social media tools such as YouTube and real-time chat tools enabled school children to involve any science question, which was consequently answered by a research scientist within 24 hours. The students voted for their favorite scientist throughout the show and the winning scientist won a small grant to further their research. It can be inspiring to sense of smell at what comparable schools, colleges, universities, or other e ducational organizations currently do.Increasingly, earlyish adopters engaged teaching staff, and university marketing and communications departments are realizing the huge potential for the use of social media in education. There are substantial risks to consider, ones that require thoughtful management of expectations, the ongoing review of practice, and the surrounding legal and social context. Social media guidelines and policies are useful tools in supporting the use of social media in schools and colleges but these should not stifle creativity.Social media provides real opportunities for innovative and engaging practice with authenticity and informality, both notable features of successful social media in academia. YABA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIAL MEDIA Yaba College of Technology, instituteed in 1947, is Nigerias start-off higher educational institution. It is locate in Yaba, Lagos state, Nigeria. The college is a center of culture and heritage. Currently it has a student enrollment of over 16,000. Today, Yaba College of Technology is made up of nine (9) academic units called Schools, headed by Deans, and thirty-four plane sections headed by Heads of Departments.The main objective of the College, according to the commandment that established it, is to provide full time and part-time courses of instruction and training in Technology, Commerce and Management. Also, the College provides training in other fields such as applied learning, relevant to the development of Nigeria especially in areas of Industry, country production and distribution, Research and adaptation of techniques. In pursuit of these objectives, the College has continued to develop structurally, humanly and materially.One of the ways in which the college has been able to establish this development is in its adoption of technological advancement by the use of the social media. Generally, Schools are on a short list of organizations that have been notoriously slow to adopt em erging technology but within the last few years, as social media becomes more integral to students lives, educational institutions are in conclusion catching on, and catching up. On speaking with the Heads and representatives of information (communications) technology unit of he Yaba College of Technology, they all shared their views on the extent to which the Social media has promoted stakeholder relations in the college. Dr. Oyeyinka, Director of Centre for schooling and Technology Management (CITM) explained that the Social media is being used and has made a great impact in the institution. For further information, Dr. Oyeyinka directed us to Mr. Popoola Olusegun Lawrence, a representative of the Information impact Department. This was because Mrs. Koyenikan, the Head of the Information processing Department, was currently on leave. According to Mr.Popoola Olusegun Lawrence, who is in charge of students result as well as communication amongst the students and management of the institution, there are three different departments or units under CITM and they are- Information Processing Department (IPD), Hardware Software development & grooming (HST) and the Volumetrics unit, a unit in charge of managing the college networks. These three units work together to take care of both the staff and student information. Mr. Popoola further explained that the use of Facebook in the department is more frequent although in some cases, yokel Messenger is also made use of.This choice of Social media tool is made, depending on the target publics and even in those cases communication must have reached a certain level before usage of the social media that is, some sort of agreement must have been reached first and you must have established some kind of relationship with the stakeholders. One cannot just wake up one day and start communicating with stakeholders in a project that requires millions of naira. Doing that would place one at a huge risk. Therefore, ones level of awareness comes to the forefront.For example, when the College through the Information Processing Department (IPD) needed to contact an organization that supply equipments used for the marking of plaza UTME results, the decisions made had to change at a particular time and further communication was made through Facebook and Yahoo messenger from time to time. Later, after the equipments had been supplied, the college accomplished they needed the organizations support and the organization was contacted again. This communication process via the social media was very effective and successful.In communicating with students however, Mr. Popoola continued by saying, mobile phones was made use of because the department has access to the phone lines of all students in the college. Moreover, not all students are computer literates or have access to the internet and in order to make sure all students were brought into the picture when giving out information that pertains to them, mobile phones was used in sending out bulk SMS. within the staff, official matters are communicated through Facebook and twitter. This started just about a year ago.When communicating with other departments and faculties like the School of management studies for instance, the IPD sends messages through the group on Facebook created by some of these faculties and departments. If the Director of CITM (Centre for Information and Technology Management) Dr. Oyeyinka wants to pass information to the Deans of various departments, he doesnt need to go through CITM except when every member of staff needed to be communicated with. This is because CITM has the means of communicating with every staff at once. In emergency situations however, the use of mobile phones are used within staff because according to Mr.Popoola, it gets the information across faster. For instance in November, 2011, there was emergency information that needed to be passed to every staff where some details of the staff absent on the departments database were urgently needed. This information was requested by the Ministry of Education and every staff needed to be aware of the developments within 24 hours. The use of Facebook, bumpkin messenger and mobile phones were employed in disseminating this information. At the end of the day, it was realized that mobile phones were more effective. As regards to the use of Social media in times of crisis, Mr.Popoola claimed they had never experienced crisis but if they did, they probably would make use of mobile phones in disseminating the necessary information. Mr. Popoola believes that in years to come, probably in two to three years, the social media would be more effective but curtly it was not as Nigeria as a whole is just acquire to know the benefits of the social media. He explained that a good number of people are unaware of the importance of social media and some think its just used to paste portrait pictures or pictures of fashionable items like shoes, b ags, etc.One of the barriers in the effectiveness of social media is in language barrier and the revilement of social networks. If people can get to understand the proper use of the social media, its effectiveness would increase. In the Volumetrics unit, the Head of Department Mrs. Oyeyinka was said to be unavailable and we were directed to her representatives- the Head of the Networking Unit- Mrs. Christiana Olayinka and a member of the Volumetrics unit- Mr. Tunde Oke. Mrs. Christiana Olayinka, explained that their stakeholders are made up of the management, students and prospective students of the college.Her unit is majorly responsible in ensuring that internet link and facilities are made available to the students of the college. She further stated that social media has been of great benefit to the college and asides having an advantage of saving cost, it also allows you get feedback from the students i. e. allows a two-way communication. In the Networking unit, Twitter and F acebook are frequently used in disseminating information to students. Where management of the college is concerned, LinkedIn is made use of especially during management meetings and conferences.Linked in also allows for teleconferencing where even management abroad can partake in meetings held in Nigeria by Network connection. One can also view participants live as you communicate and exchange information with them. Terms such as audio conferencing, telephone conferencing and phone conferencing are sometimes used in teleconferencing. According to Mrs. Olayinka, the only crisis they have experienced thus farthest was some years back when there was a shift in the date of resumption at the college and the news had to be relayed.This information was then passed through Facebook, twitter and bulk SMS. Though twitter was fairly effective, Facebook was found to be more effective because of the larger number of students subscribed to it. tidy sum SMS on the other hand, was found to be mos t effective. Mr. Tunde Oke, a member of the Volumetrics department stated that dissemination of information to stakeholders which comprise majorly of the students and staff of the college is carried out using the social media tools- Facebook, twitter and most recently, YouTube.In mid 2012, a group on Facebook was created by the Volumetrics department called YabaTechng and at the time checked, the group had over 9,052 likes. Through this medium on Facebook, information of interest to the college is posted. Only a few weeks ago, the Volumetrics department created some sort of mini TV called YabaTechTV via YouTube, a video sharing site and through this medium, documentaries about the college are shared. Within the short space of time since they started, the department has been able to upload their first documentary which aims at showcasing talents and facilities within the EPE Campus of the college.The 12 minutes documentary is tagged- documentary film on Yaba Tech (Epe Campus) and ha s over 50 views already. They are currently working on their second documentary which they also plan uploading via YouTube. In conclusion, it is safe to say that social media has come to stay. In less than five years of its existence, social media has made a great impact in promoting stakeholder relations in the educational sector. It has revolutionized the way people communicate today and has spawned a new generation of communication in higher institutions.Social media presents a huge opportunity for schools, universities and other educational organizations to reach out and connect with students and prospective students. Now, the internet is no longer a one-way broadcast obstetrical delivery system where the individual user downloads data, information and other resources produced by a relatively small number of content providers. Instead, the internet is now compulsive by and to some extent determined through the activities of its ordinary userswhat has been draw as many-to-many rather than one-to-many connectivity.The social web is therefore seen to be consistent along substantially different lines than the cyberspace-era internet of the 1990s and 2000s. This sense of internet use now being a participatory and collective activity is reflected in the language used to describe social media applications. Therefore, it is clear that social media gives more people a voice and provides a powerful tool for value creation and competitive differentiation. REFERENCES Christ, P. (2005). Internet technologies and trends transforming public relations.Journal of Website Promotion. 1(4) 314. Clarkson, M. B. E. 1995. A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review. 20 65-91. Hill, L. and White, C. (2000). macrocosm relations practitioners perception of the World Wide Web as a communications tool. mankind Relations Review. 26(1) 3151. Kaplan, A. (2012) If you love something, let it go mobile Mobile marketi ng and mobile social media 44, caper Horizons, 55(2) 129-139 Kaplan, A. and Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, uniteThe challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons 53(1) 5968. Kent, M. and Taylor, M. (1998). Building dialogic relationships through theWorldWideWeb. Public Relations Review. 24(3) 321334. Kietzmann, J. , Hermkens, K. , McCarthy, I. , and Silvestre, B. (2011). Social media? Get serious Understanding the functional building blocks of social media (PDF). Business Horizons 54 (3) 241251. doi10. 1016/j. bushor. 2011. 01. 005. Retrieved September 17, 2012. Pontin, K. (2010).Im a Scientist, Get me out of Here Evaluation Interim Report. Gallomanor Communications Limited. gettable from http//project. imascientist. org. uk/wp? content/uploads/2010/11/Im? a? Scientist? Interim? Evaluation? Report. pdf. YabaTechTV. (2012). Documentary on Yaba Tech (Epe Campus). Available from http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=g3keWhvSEIA&feature=youtu. be&a. GROUP 3 MEMBERS- YABA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY (YABATECH) BABALOLA, ADEBUKUNOLA OLUWAYEMISI 050803014 RAHEEM ADEFOLAYIGA . S. AKINDIPUPO AKINDELE ODUAH BALQIS OKAFOR EMEKA EDEMI JOY SISANMI AGUH OCHEZE

Diwali – Festival of Lights

Diwali( as well spelledDevaliin certain regions) orDeepavali,1popularly know as the feast of light ups, is an important five- sidereal mean solar daytimetime festival in Hindiism,Jainism, andSikhism, occurring between mid-October and mid-November. For Hindus, Diwali is peerless of the nearly important festivals of the year and is restraind in families by do tralatitious activities together in their homes. Deepavali is an official holiday inIndia,2Nepal,Sri Lanka,Myanmar,Mauritius,Guyana,Trinidad & Tobago,Suri divulge,Malaysia,Singapore,3andFiji. The name Diwali is a contraction of Deepavali (SanskritDipavali), which translates into row of lamps. 4Diwali involves the lighting of sm whole clay lamps (diyasordipas) inSanskrit ) filled with oil to signify the triumph of good everywhere horror. During Diwali, totally the celebrants wear new clothes and share sweets and snacks with family members and friends. Most Indian product line communities begin the financial year on t he first day of Diwali. Diwali commemorates the father ofLord Rama, along withSitaandLakshman, from his fourteen-year-long exile and vanquishing the demon-kingRavana.In joyous rejoicing of the reach of their king, the race ofAyodhya, the Capital of Rama, illuminated the kingdom with earthendiyas(oil lamps) and burst firecrackers. 5 In Jainism, Diwali mark the attainment ofmokshaornirvanabyMahavirain 527 BC. 67In Sikhism,Deepavalicommemorates the event ofGuru Har Gobind JitoAmritsarafter freeing 52 Hindu kings intent in FortGwaliorby defeating EmperorJahangir the people lit candles and diyas to celebrate his return. This is the originableness Sikhs also refer to Deepavali asBandi Chhorh Divas, the day of release of detainees.The festival starts withDhanterason which around Indian business communities begin their financial year. The abet day of the festival,Naraka Chaturdasi, marks the vanquishing of the demonNarakabyLord Krishnaand his wifeSatyabhama. Amavasya, the trine day of Deepawali, marks the worship ofLakshmi, the goddess of wealth in her most likeable mood, fulfilling the wishes of her devotees. Amavasya also tells the story of LordVishnu, who in his dwarf incarnation vanquished theBali, and banished him toPatala.It is on the fourth day of Deepawali,Kartika Shudda Padyami, that Bali went topatalaand took the reins of his new kingdom in there. The fifth day is referred to asYama Dvitiya(also calledBhai Dooj), and on this day sisters invite their brothers to their homes. - Spiritual significance In each legend, myth and story of Deepawali lies the significance of the victory of good over abhorrence and it is with each Deepawali and the lights that illuminate our homes and hearts, that this simple truth finds new reason and hope.From apparition into light the light that empowers us to commit ourselves to good deeds, that which brings us close at hand(predicate) to divinity. During Diwali, lights illuminate every corner of India and the sc ent of incense sticks hangs in the air, mingled with the sounds of fire-crackers, joy, togetherness and hope. Diwali is historied around the globe. Outside India, it is more than a Hindu festival, its a jubilancy of South-Asian identities. 5 While Deepavali is popularly known as the festival of lights, the most square spiritual meaning is the sentience of the inner light. interchange to Hindu philosophy is the assertion that there is something beyond the fleshly physical structure and intellectual which is pure, infinite, and eternal, called theAtman. The celebration of Deepavali as the victory of good over evil, refers to the light of higher knowledge dispelling all ignorance, the ignorance that masks ones true nature, not as the body, save as the unchanging, infinite,immanentandtranscendentreality.With this awakening comes compassion and the awareness of the ace of all things (higher knowledge). This bringsananda(joy or peace). Just as we celebrate the make of our physic al being, Deepavali is the celebration of this Inner Light. While the story behind Deepavali and the mood of celebration varies from region to region (festive fireworks, worship, lights, sharing of sweets), the essence is the same to exuberate in the Inner Light (Atman) or the underlying Reality of all things (Brahman).Diwali Festival of LightsDiwali(also spelledDevaliin certain regions) orDeepavali,1popularly known as the festival of lights, is an important five-day festival inHinduism,Jainism, andSikhism, occurring between mid-October and mid-November. For Hindus, Diwali is one of the most important festivals of the year and is celebrated in families by performing traditional activities together in their homes. Deepavali is an official holiday inIndia,2Nepal,Sri Lanka,Myanmar,Mauritius,Guyana,Trinidad & Tobago,Suriname,Malaysia,Singapore,3andFiji. The name Diwali is a contraction of Deepavali (SanskritDipavali), which translates into row of lamps. 4Diwali involves the lighting of small clay lamps (diyasordipas) inSanskrit ) filled with oil to signify the triumph of good over evil. During Diwali, all the celebrants wear new clothes and share sweets and snacks with family members and friends. Most Indian business communities begin the financial year on the first day of Diwali. Diwali commemorates the return ofLord Rama, along withSitaandLakshman, from his fourteen-year-long exile and vanquishing the demon-kingRavana.In joyous celebration of the return of their king, the people ofAyodhya, the Capital of Rama, illuminated the kingdom with earthendiyas(oil lamps) and burst firecrackers. 5 In Jainism, Diwali marks the attainment ofmokshaornirvanabyMahavirain 527 BC. 67In Sikhism,Deepavalicommemorates the return ofGuru Har Gobind JitoAmritsarafter freeing 52 Hindu kings imprisoned in FortGwaliorby defeating EmperorJahangir the people lit candles and diyas to celebrate his return. This is the reason Sikhs also refer to Deepavali asBandi Chhorh Divas, the day of release of detainees.The festival starts withDhanterason which most Indian business communities begin their financial year. The second day of the festival,Naraka Chaturdasi, marks the vanquishing of the demonNarakabyLord Krishnaand his wifeSatyabhama. Amavasya, the third day of Deepawali, marks the worship ofLakshmi, the goddess of wealth in her most benevolent mood, fulfilling the wishes of her devotees. Amavasya also tells the story of LordVishnu, who in his dwarf incarnation vanquished theBali, and banished him toPatala.It is on the fourth day of Deepawali,Kartika Shudda Padyami, that Bali went topatalaand took the reins of his new kingdom in there. The fifth day is referred to asYama Dvitiya(also calledBhai Dooj), and on this day sisters invite their brothers to their homes. - Spiritual significance In each legend, myth and story of Deepawali lies the significance of the victory of good over evil and it is with each Deepawali and the lights that illuminate our homes and hearts, that this simple truth finds new reason and hope.From darkness into light the light that empowers us to commit ourselves to good deeds, that which brings us closer to divinity. During Diwali, lights illuminate every corner of India and the scent of incense sticks hangs in the air, mingled with the sounds of fire-crackers, joy, togetherness and hope. Diwali is celebrated around the globe. Outside India, it is more than a Hindu festival, its a celebration of South-Asian identities. 5 While Deepavali is popularly known as the festival of lights, the most significant spiritual meaning is the awareness of the inner light. Central to Hindu philosophy is the assertion that there is something beyond the physical body and mind which is pure, infinite, and eternal, called theAtman. The celebration of Deepavali as the victory of good over evil, refers to the light of higher knowledge dispelling all ignorance, the ignorance that masks ones true nature, not as the body, but as the unchanging, i nfinite,immanentandtranscendentreality.With this awakening comes compassion and the awareness of the oneness of all things (higher knowledge). This bringsananda(joy or peace). Just as we celebrate the birth of our physical being, Deepavali is the celebration of this Inner Light. While the story behind Deepavali and the manner of celebration varies from region to region (festive fireworks, worship, lights, sharing of sweets), the essence is the same to rejoice in the Inner Light (Atman) or the underlying Reality of all things (Brahman).

Is the Death Penalty Right or Wrong?

For centuries the ending penalty, often accompanied by barbarous refinements, has been trying to founder crime in check yet crime persists. This was a name from Albert Camus he is questioning the expiry penalty, by declaring that crime rates harbourt decreased. The death penalty is a court sentence of death by execution. To human racey, the death penalty is right because it protects people from harm. To take whizzs life as capital punishment is wrong, we, America should adjudicate new disciplinary actions to stop crime.When a person is establish on death row, mostly likely nobody b atomic number 18ly knows if the person really did the crime, assure shows many things but doesnt accurately confirm if mortal did something. It isnt right to kill someone and not know exactly if that person did the crime. According to the Death Penalty education Center website since the division of 1973, 139 people in 26 states be possessed of been released from death row with evidence of their innocence.Also, of the 5,500 inmates currently on death row, at least 14 percent are believed to be innocent, according to the statistics provided by the Death Penalty Information Center in Washington, D. C. These two statements prove that people, who are put on death row, arent always the doers of the crime. Your life is basically over when your put on death row, to be on death row for a crime you didnt even commit must be terrible. miscellaneous statistics show that the defendants income level has lots to do with all a person is put on death row. Death sentences are imposed in a criminal justice system that treats you kick downstairs if you are rich and guilty than if you are low-down and innocent, Bryan Stevenson explains. When you are acquiring treated better than another person, you are more likely pass to get the better side in everything, so no death penalty for you, while the other person, who is poor and innocent, is getting the death penalty.To Helen Prejean, sh e believes that the poor are selected to die in this country and also that, money gets you life-threatening defense, which is why youll never see an O. J Simpson on death row. Helen is right, to me, because if you have money in this world you can practically buy almost everything, including a well respected lawyer. With the right resources a guilty man can be put off death row and into prison for maybe a few years unlike, an innocent man who doesnt have the right resources, be put onto death row.

1999 Frq on the 1920s

The 1920s was a condemnation of wide scotch exploitation. It was during the 1920s that the United States of America became one of the richest countries of the world. The economic conditions during the 1920s had a huge effect on arts, entertainment, and engineering which represented the 1920s and qualification it k directn as the Roaring Twenties because of the freshly technology, entertainment advances, and ethnical changes. The Roaring twenties is quite k immediatelyn for some of the new technology which became available to the public. One of the most(prenominal) significant examples of this was the automobile ndustry. Cars were a high life exclusive to the very rich before WWI and the 1920s. Now, with advancements in industry and manufactory production, cars were becoming a cheaper thing to buy and umpteen people were now able to obtain one. Henry Fords company interchange over 15 million of the Model T car which was the most popular one of that time. An otherwise techno logy advancement was with radio. Radios, interchangeable cars, were now more available for the public to use. Radios were able to broadcast news, sports, and quite a variety of other programs as well.These technology advancements racetrack to a growth in the economy because of the many people who wanted to be a part of memorial and supply themselves with the new technology. Many Entertainment advancements of the time lead to some economic growth as well. One major entertainment was baseball. The 1920s is referred to as the Golden Age of Baseball. Millions of spectators would come show up to all the games to watch the favorite teams and players who would go down in history as the groovyest baseball players of all time like sis Ruth, TyCobb, and Lou Gehrig. Although baseball was the most known for doing well during the Roaring Twenties, other sports like boxing, college and professional football, and basketball were able to bring away many spectators who would remuneration mo ney to see the games. Technology like the radio and new interrogative sentence picture technology was another profitable source of entertainment. There were many cultural changes as well during the time period. Notable horticulture changes in the 1920s were with women and African Americans. The Harlem Renaissance was a emarkable African American culture change almost directly influenced by the good economy in the cities which influenced many African Americans out of the south and into the northern cities. African Americans started to run through more time for entertainment as well. African Americans developed new forms of art and a new form of music know as jazz. African American baseball team played each other in a league known as the Negro Leagues. basketball game teams were formed with African Americans members. There were all black musicals. The GreatMigrations of African Americans lead to a new prosperous time of culture changes. Another root word of Americans who went thr ough culture change were the women. Women had gained their right to vote with the passing of the nineteenth amendment and now women wanted to become more a part of the society. through with(predicate) this time period many women now had jobs. With the new earned pay they had, it stimulate a culture change in which women had new fashions, pilus styles, and habits. Places like pubs or speak easies and barber shops that were places where en could hang out without women around now had women in them. The economics of the Roaring twenties inspired the great cultural changes in the women and African American populations. Until 1929 when the United States started to deport a bad turn into the Great Depression, the 1920s was a great economic times of the post war economics. The cultural changes, technology, and entertainment were results of the great economic time the twenties and really gave the time period a great reputation as the Roaring Twenties.

American Epidemic

In recent times, cipher who reads the newfoundspapers or watches television can avoid the chilling parcel that our country faces. School violence is a rapidly growing move in America, and it seems to be there is nonhing we can do to hitch it. The offenders argon from all(prenominal) races and social classes. They range from the luxuriously prep ar whiz to the high school drop step forward. It often seems the only thing they vex in universal is an utter disregard for their own life and the lives of others.In the pursuit accounts, applyn straight from American headlines, harrowing events fit for blockbuster manufacturing prove that our country is becoming victim to a new sad youthful rage. In generations past, the high school rebel was the boy all the girls wanted and all the boys wanted to be. He was the single in the slash jacket who went to class only to receive snide remarks, drove in like manner fast, and talked too slow. Jump forward to the end of the twent ieth century, and the high school rebel is the boy who school nippers ignore, the one who sits in the back of the classroom and n constantly talks, wears all black and keeps to himself.He is the last student anyone would fear, but believably the most dangerous. He doesnt want to take advantage of those who atomic number 18 smaller than him, but wants to seek vengeance on those who have scathe him, basically everyone. He, in fact, is sometimes a she. Of course, offenders cant be classified into one group. Many times it is the last person you would ever imagine. That is the way it happened for Chester Jackson, a Detroit high school football star. Chester was a seventeen-year-old hero, a senior who had reached godlike status due to his work for the school football team.But if you ask his high school friends of their memories of Chester, they will not guess him authorizening down the football field, but running down the hall, laborious to save his own life. Like so umpteen stude nts, Chester found it laughable to tease the underclass workforce. Particularly a fourteen-year-old freshman boy that was unable to brook himself when Chester and his friends pushed him in his own locker and secured the combination lock for three ensuant classes. That was the event they say made the boy snap.He brought a hired gun to school the next day, and even with all of his football training, Chester could not run fast enough to save his own life. He was the first student ever killed in a Michigan high school. Unfortunately, Chesters baloney is not an isolated incident. School shootings are immediately a common occurrence. A place that used to be considered a safe harbor is now turning into a death trap. Where lockers and drinking fountains used to be found there are now admixture detectors and armed guards. Detroit high schools have expelled fifteen students since Chesters murder inspired them to install metal detectors.Each of the students was carrying a loaded gun. Chesters death alike resulted in the now nation wide Barron Assessment and Counseling Center, a political platform designed to encourage youths to exchange their weapons for books. Marva Collins, principal of a Chicago world School, sees the starting of these groups as bittersweet. (These) Centers are extremely helpful, and have the right opinion in mind, but how some(prenominal) churlren are departure to have to give away before our nation sits up and pays attention. Will mine be the next? In 1994, children under 18 were 244% more likely to be killed by guns than they were in 1986.Gun owners of all ages state that their number one origin for owning a handgun is protection from criminals, yet they are 43 times as likely to kill a friend or family fellow member than they are a criminal. In the 1980s it appeared that teen pregnancy was button to be the downfall of American society, but as Marion Wright Edelman, president of the childrens advocacy group pukes it, The c risis of children having children has been eclipsed by the greater crisis of children killing children. Between 1979 and 1993, guns killed more than 60,000 children, a figure greater than the number of Americans killed in the Vietnam War.Also, a child in the United States is 15 times as likely to bust as a result of gunfire than is a child in war-torn Northern Ireland. The statistics only succeed in proving what is becoming unbelievably obvious guns have be gain the clearest evidence of a growing despondency among many American teenagers. As one young man puts it, Thats just the way it is. Guns are just a part of growing up these days. You fire a gun and you can just odor the power. Its like yeah. Who is to blame for the newest American trend? Are parents not paying enough attention to their children?Are schools not educating students on tight-laced anger management? These are both possibilities, but 6 out of 10 people agree the fuss lies in the media. It seems that you can not attend a movie these days without having to prepare yourself for some degree of violence. Even family movies (those with a G or PG rating) are not immune to it. Television faces are n first as bad, police dramas run nearly every darkness during prime time on major networks, exposing millions of young children to things they are not ready to see.The new wave of gangster rap shows young men boasting of killings and beatings, and the people of our country are proving to the corporations that offer these products one major thing violence sells. Tommy Matola, president of a major music batch states the things that (these) young men are speaking of are things that they grew up around, that millions of children are still growing up around. Society owes them for exposing a problem that whitethorn threaten our national security. Even a typical cartoon show averages 41 acts of violence each hour, with an attempted murder every 2 minutes.Many parents want the Government to regulate wh at is available for children to see, but many maintain that it is not their responsibility. As Barry Lynn of the American Civil Liberties Union put it, If you cannot persuade persons to reject what you consider to be exploitive or unhealthy, do not ask the government to impose your will on those equal persons. Lately, as youth violence has been more scrutinized by the public, many new laws have come into effect. The debate over what to do with juvenile offenders is one that will never be solved, but can be compromised to come up with a good solution.Currently, offenders who appear in juvenile speak to do not receive a criminal record. Therefore, when a child appears in front of a new judge, he will have no way of knowing how many times the child has convicted the equivalent crime. The law of dismissing children from a criminal record was designed to protect them from blur and prejudice, but more often there are negative results sure not by the child, but by their victim. Stat es have experimented with such things as punishing parents for crimes their children commit, and many have began to charge children accused of major crimes as adults.However, none of these laws have been threatening enough, as fourteen-year-old Arthur Bates has proven. Arthur spent many of his early years in mental facilities, but after it was decided that nobody could help him he was sent home to his mother. One day Arthur chose a house at random and planned on robbing it. Once he got in he realized the owner of the home, Lillian Piper, was asleep inside. Arthur proceeded to rape and kill Miss Piper, and then have a bowl of ice balm from her freezer and drive off in her Cadillac. About an hour later on police, to whom he immediately confessed, stopped him.He then told them, You cant do anything to me. I just fourteen. He was sentenced to seven months in improve school. To many, trying children as adults is the only fit punishment, but it has not been as helpful as its proponent s had hoped. Usually, when these children are sent to adult institutions, they are sexually molested and taught new crimes. When the child leaves the institution, which many call their crime school, the child is now more dangerous than he ever had been. There have been many crime camps, instituted with juvenile offenders in mind, as well.At these camps, young offenders take part in skills streaming where they learn new ways to potbelly with real life situations. Whether any of these options really work is really in the eye of the public, and they cannot seem to agree. As Los Angeles police detective Robert Contreras puts it, These kids are get away with murder. They have no respect for anything and joke that in click theyll at least get three square meals a day. Obviously, it is going to take more than one person to stop what is being called an American epidemic.Every parent, every child, every teacher, and every citizen is going to have to expect up and help achieve a solution . As of now, the students committing these crimes are not only literally getting away with murder but also being glamorized. Maryanne Britain, a Texas student, points out I cannot name one of the students that was killed in Colorado, but I know the whole biography of the killers. What sense does that make? Miss Britain has pointed out something that many of us dont realize, in our country often times the offenders are mistaken as the victim.We lose sight of the crime at hand and try to blame the problem on society instead of the killers. We are all faced with the aforementioned(prenominal) graphic truth, and many of us are able to make it through with(predicate) life without killing anyone. Alone, we cannot accomplish much, but if we stand up to offenders as a nation, we can save the fate that we are now facing. all told it will take to save the lives of our generation and many to come is everyone operative together. That is when we will take our country back and truly make a difference. Perhaps teamwork can be the nations next epidemic.

Unit 9 Nvq Level 3

Unit 9 1. 1 As a nursery nurse you subscribe to contribute to a programme of age- withdraw activities knowing to stimulate the nipperren you atomic number 18 spend a pennying with Keep an accurate record of action file on your key tykeren Be a pro-active police squad member, offer appropriate support to your colleagues Liaise with and support p bents and other family members Attend altogether come to the fore of working hours activities, e. g. training, monthly staff meetings, parents evenings, summer fayre, Christmas party, etc. Be flexible indoors working practices of the babys room.Be prepared to economic aid where needed, including domestic production lines deep d witness the Nursery, e. g. preparation of snack meals, cleaning equipment etc. Work with the Manager and her team to ensure that the Nurserys philosophy is reflected Record apoplexys in the accident book. adjudge sure that parents read and sign the report. Look at the Nursery as a whole, where your help is most needed and how you washbowl most effectively meet the need of the baberen in your care Make sure that every child is collected by some iodin know to the Nursery Respect the confidentiality of information received Develop your role at bottom the team, oddly your role as a key worker condition Child Care Tasks a. Prepare and wind up activities that match the childs stage of development b. Make sure that meal judgment of convictions are a time of pleasant social sharing c. Wash and change children as necessary d. Provide comfort and warmth to an unhappy or sick child Help to perk up sure that the environment meets the needs of Nursery children, reflecting their cultures and phantasmal backgrounds, and stages of development Be sensitive of the high profile of the Nursery and to encourage its standards at all times. . 2 In my role I am expect to support the staff, to be reli adequate to(p) and build a reasoned relationship with the children, encouragin g them to the best of their ability in their learnedness, to assist their return in knowledge and assist in enhancing their development, so they butt turn holistically. To be aware of each weak areas that I come crosswise whilst working with the children, for example a child that may need pleonastic support within their numeracy, literacy or phonics time. I am to a fault expected to deal, to the best of my ability, with challenging aggressive, rude or traumatised children.Whilst I may need to do this at times I am also aware that the score teacher is on that point for support. I open had to deal with severeness language used by a pupil when dealing with the child I explained that the lyric used where not words that should be used. I found step up why the pupil had s support those words and asked what words we could use instead. As well as working with my own class teacher I can be asked at times to go and support other teacher in another class. I am expected to adapt v ery quickly to the other class and to the lesson there having.My role also meat that I pass on support the children so they are confident in their journey though the school. It is authorised that I conduct myself in the correct manner within the school as children will often mirror others actions. I remain professional at all times and act appropriately. 2. 1 As part of our job role it is historic to carry out reflective practice especially because we work with children/ preadolescent stack and our effectiveness will afford an stir on them and their learning.Reflective practice means thinking about and evaluating what you do and discussing any changes which could be made. This means focusing on how we interact with colleagues, service users and the environment. It means thinking about how we could have done something differently, what we did well, what we could have done meliorate. How we can change what you have done. It also means reflecting our own determine, beliefs an d experiences which shape our thoughts and ideas.This will allow us to obtain a clearer picture of your own conduct and a better understanding of our strengths and weaknesses- so that we can learn from our own mistakes and take appropriate future actions. Improving the quality of our performance Allows us an objective look at our practice in order to improve Helps us to recognise what we do well so that we can hold these skills in other situations Improves professional judgment Helps us to learn from successes and mistakes to stir development Helps us to plan for future situations and therefore respond to a greater extent positively to change Enables us to apply the skill of reflection to the private development cycle Reflective practice allows us to support the children better and better- if we have concerns about how the session went we can look back and work out what more we could have done. We may have used one resource and found it efficacious and then choose it ag ain with another child. 2. 3 Everyone has different values, beliefs and preferences.What you believe in, what you train as important and what you see as acceptable or desirable is an essential part of who you are. The way of life in which you respond to people is linked to what you believe in, what you consider important and what interests you. You may find you react positively to people who share your values and less warmly to people who have different priorities. When you develop friendships, it is innate(p) to spend time with people who share your interests and values. However, the professional relationships you develop with people you support are another matter.As a professional, you are required to digest the same quality of support for all, not just for those who share your views and beliefs. This may seem unmistakable, but knowing what you need to do and achieving it successfully is not the same thing. 3. 1 It is a nursery nurses trade to bear a safe, warm and caring e nvironment where children feel welcomed and love and are able to learn and develop at their own pace, with focussing and supervision as appropriate, in order that parent may have peace of mind to go to work knowing that their childs well-being is paramount.The duties and responsibilities are To listen to parents as experts on their own children, to survey families traditions and childcare practices and to follow parents wishes as closely as mathematical within the context of caring for children from several different families. To plan and provide activities and resources appropriate to each childs age, stage of development and individual needs and interests with delinquent ascertain the requirements of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS). To provide a safe environment, both at the child minders property and on outings.To teach children safe practices and to hold a current counterbalance aid certificate. To maintain discipline and encourage positive behaviour. To be a ware of the signs and symptoms which point the possibility of abuse and to be aware of the current procedure for reportage concerns. To provide a varied nutritional menu with due regard to the dietary requirements of each child, parents wishes and the current professional recommendations for childrens diets. To provide a wellnessy environment and to encourage children to make healthy choices. To liaise with and, where necessary, to look advice from professionals, with due regard to confidentiality, including preschool leaders, school teachers, health visitor. To adhere to requirements set out by relevant authorities such as Ofsted, insurance providers, inland revenue. To comply with relevant legislation such as that covering health and safety, food hygiene, fire or planning requirements and to keep appropriate records with due regard to confidentiality. To meet the requirements of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS).A child minder should also love and nurture every child so they grow confident and strong and develop into healthy and caring young people and adults. 4. 1 While at work it helps me when I have an appraisal meeting with the manager, this is because I can pick out the things I think I do best and the things I dont do as good as I should be doing. This is also useful as the manager will have some points to declaim to me about things so then I can use these to help me become a professional nursery practitioner. Its also useful when I get supervised finished new things e. when I first got key children I got so much help and supervision through this that it made me become stronger at work. 5. 1 The reasons why it is important to treasure learning activities are To see what is working and what needs removing or ever-changing To assess how the activities are being delivered and how they could be improved To see how the activities are being received by the participants Evaluation is important as it helps out when planning and helps yo u to think about the learning that has taken place.Spending time red ink through the learning activities and seeing how students have responded to a certain undertaking or question, can authentically help re-shape it for future classes. It is also important to look back at the learning objects so you can measure what the children have learned. If you do not think carefully about learning objectives at the planning stage, it will not always be possible to evaluate whether pupils have achieved them. Learning objectives need to be clear for this to be possible. Learners must understand what the outcomes mean. They must be achievable. We must be able to assess pupils against them.Evaluating helps you to see if something is succeeding or may need changing. If students whizzed through the activity and then looked rather bored then it would be obvious that the task was a bit too easy and not really suitable or beneficial for that group. Therefore you would need to try and make it mor e engaging and stimulating, perhaps by making it more tricky or time-consuming so the students really have to work to complete it. If the activities are taking longer than expected and you can see that the students are really struggling, things again would need to be addressed.

Calvin’s Ideas About the Church Organisation Essay

in that respect are some an(prenominal) f motionors which are big to examine in ascertain the main reason for the achievement of the genevan renewal, for example Calvins ideas about the church service organisation and Calvins leadership and personal impact, the previous exposure of geneva to Protestantism and Calvins ability to everyplacecome his opp matchlessnts. Calvin himself placed a rigid tension on The Ecclesiastical Ordinances, differing from Luther who left organization to the Princes. As it was vital to him, in 1541 Calvin drafted an ecclesiastical constitution for Geneva which should be suffered in give in for him taking on responsibility for the spiritual welfare of the city.With some modifications it was sanctioned by the political authorities and set in place a Calvinist Church collection. Calvin believed on that point must be a nonindulgent structure to preach the Word and it consisted of four orders of ministers Pastors to teach, preach, administer the Word and publically and privately admonish masss engineer, Doctors to teach true doctrines and act as teachers in schools, Deacons to care for the poor, needy and sick who were chosen by the Little Council and finally the Elders who were to supervise every persons conduct and to warn backsliders and those of a disorderly life 12 lay people from different parts of the city.Those who failed to comply with Calvins strict standards could be punish by the Calvinist court. The Consistories were independent of civil courts and secular authorities. It was hard to show with this model as it was based on the scriptures and was widely copied. After 1555 his ascendancy was unchallenged and the Little Council even adopted practices of the Grabeau. The Ordinances indoctrinated children in a displaceience soon there was a generation who knew nothing but his teachings. However, this infer to the previous exposure of Geneva to Protestantism, as Calvin offered an costing solution in a time of religious crisis in the country. There were a weensy number of Genevan Reformers in the 1520s such as Farel and Viret. Both Lutheran and Zwinglian reformations were reservation great progress and the city of Berne had also carried out a reformation in 1528. Despite this, the Council could not make a conclusion and churches were ransacked, masses suspended and the cathedral clergy left.Three months later there was a feeling of apathy as to what would replace the broken Catholic Church. Calvin came to Geneva offereing a truly reformed faith that was well ordered and support authority. This appealed to many and he offered an alternative to Lutheranism which he felt had not gone(p) far enough. This links to the next point, as Calvin himself was key in asserting authority through fear and his own charisma in order to gain support, for example as he was cunningly qualified to use the current situation in Geneva to manipulate the Council into visual perception his ideas as desirabl e and accepting many of his radical proposals. In many ways Calvin should hasten been a poor leader he was an fierce scholar and mostly in poor health but he inspired admiration rather than affection.Calvin himself is quoted to have said that the citizens of Berne have always feared rather than loved me. His single-minded, totally focused cuddle partially explains his success- also as a theologian and debater many suggested there was no equal. Finally, this links into the next factor that Calvins opposition was suppressed, so in most aspects there was no equal contestant, although it was a 14-year struggle. Calvin see both religious and political/social opposition. In 1542 Sebastian Castellio who was appointed as head of the Genevan college by Calvin claimed that a book in the Old volition was in fact an erotic poem which should not be include in the scriptures which Calvin felt this was an attack on. Castellio left Geneva and was expelled on his fork up by the Syndic due to C alvins convincing. The Michael Servitus affair is also a strong example of Calvins effective suppression of religious opposition.He was a Spanish theologian who adopted extreme views and became offended when others did not accept them, eg. he condemned infant baptism and the Doctrine of the Trinity. He was suspected of heresy so went undercover in Vienna where he wrote a book and sent a copy to Calvin. Calvin recognized his work and sent authorities to where he was, but he escaped. Although he later turned up to one of Calvins sermons and was then burned at the stake. Diarmaid MacCulloch claims that many people hostile Calvin because they disagreed with his simple laws over against e.g. dancing and singing. Some opposition was on the basic normal of who was in charge, the civil government was run by aristocrats and the Church by highly educated French elite so battles were always over who would decide punishments for wrongdoers.The Libertines were constantly called before the Con sistory for bad conduct eg. dancing, making salacious gestures and gambling etc. Perrin was part of the Syndic however when he began to complain and penury more power, therefore Syndics began to support Calvin against him. The Libertines were removed from all Genevan councils and fled or were pain/executed. To conclude, I think that a number of factors were important in the success of the Genevan Reformation, and Calvins presence underpins all of them. Although Calvin has been accused of a ruthless approach I believe that his success in suppressing opposition was vital the Reformation as it disallowed powerful opposition from crushing Genevan efforts.I then think that the structure of the Church under Calvin was the next important as many found it hard to fault this approach and it became widely used. Calvin personally was important in the Reformation as it was key that he was able to appeal to or incite fear in people in order to achieve his aims, but this ties in with his abili ty to suppress opposition. Lastly then, although I found the situation in Geneva and its exposure to Protestant ideas again vital, there were many key factors and it would be wrong to suggest that none played any role in the spread and success of Protestantism in Geneva.

Free Enterprise in United States

Work hard, save your money, and you can become wealthy or, at least, free lance This is the motto of old-fashioned, free enterprise. It expresses the idea that everybody in a smashingistic ordination can participate and compete on the same terms with analogous come abouts of success. It implies that the functional class is just a collection of individuals who arrest non yet established their independence (worked their office up) through individual initiative, sort of than a world permanent class. In the early 19th Century, roughly the Statesns (including Abraham Lincoln, for instance) believed this.They thought opportunities beneath capitalism would keep expanding forever. But what is the reality potty this capitalist thinking? In the past, working people in America have had more opportunity to go into business or to pull back land for farming than anywhere else in the sustained world. At the succession the U. S. Constitution was written, it was generally assumed that simply property receiveers should have the salutary to vote and participate in government. The Free Labor thinking of the republican Party before the civic War was basically a regulate of the capitalist work ethic.It meant that if 1) you were free yourself 2) your country was free and, 3) there was no slave labor to take your livelihood, you could make something of yourself, and become a capitalist or, at least, an independent producer, professional or artist. Americans in the North at that time were influenced by this capitalist work-ethic to under-estimate the energy of the South. They thought (as the capitalist work-ethic would go through them to believe) that the poverty and economic decline of the South were probably due to tree sloth and that this indicated that the North should be fit to easily defeat the South.But the Civil War proved that Southerners were not lazy it was the slave system (lacking erudition and industry) that caused many of the economic probl ems there. The capitalist work-ethic also caused Northerners to overlook the only chance for real progress in the South during the Reconstruction taking of the lands of antecedent slave-owners, and their distribution to Blacks and poor Whites. They assumed, as did Abraham Lincoln, that anyone with ambition would simply work his way up.They could not understand that capitalism naturally limited opportunities, because the majority would have to be histrions, not capitalists. With no land or other economic basis to start from, most workers in the South would have no way of lifting themselves from poverty. Strong competition with other capitalists, who are constantly nerve-racking to gain a big market by offering a cheaper produce, forces the beginner to keep putting everything back into his business. He must garment in more sophisticated equipment in recite to be able to produce more cheaply with higher quality, and on a larger scale.He must do this in order to improve his pro duct or services, and also capture a larger share of the market, until he has reached a level where there is no immediate threat of being put out of business by his competition. This means having the most modern machinery and getting the most productivity out of his workers. This huge need for capital also forces the capitalist to rely more and more on tertiary parties. Making the capitalist borrow from banks to keep his capitol at a safe amount.They simply hire employees to make all the management decisions, design and develop the product, etc. Free enterprise thinking forgets that a worker has only his labor-power to swap in order to earn his living. He competes with other workers to sell his labor-power at the cheapest price. The average price of labor-power (the workers wages) is the amount that it takes to make ends meet under the given social settings in a country. The laws of economics determine that if the worker works scurrying, he creates a cheaper product. But this eve ntually cheapens the amount which the capitalist must pay him in wages because there are eternally unemployed workers somewhere willing to work for the bare necessities.Working faster increases competition without increasing their earnings. Because of these realities, workers learn to work smart according to their own understanding. Working smart for the worker means withholding his labor power, working more slowly and learning the tricks of the trade, better known as bargaining. These things abide the price of his labor-power. This in turn forces the capitalist to concentrate more on improving productivity through better machinery and production processes in order to increase his profits.

Homosexuality and the American Baptist Church

crotchet in the Baptist church service Homo informality is one of the more or less debated issues among delivery boyians today, regardless of the denomination of their church. Some churches view homosexuality as a sin and have no tolerance for it, while other denominations be more accepting and consider it a non-sin. Even though rough denominations have taken a stand on homosexuality, there seems to a good heap discord within the governing bodies of the churches regarding this issue. It has moved from a topic seldom discussed and considered very ad hominem and private, to a mainstream topic of conversation.Although there has been a ripening acceptance among certain rescuerian denominations regarding homosexuals, the Ameri cannister Baptist church building has remained firm in its position towards homosexuality. The American Baptist Churches descended from the Northern Baptist Convention that was founded in 1907. The church has virtually 1. 5 million members and 5800 con gregations that argon scattered through 34 offices of the fall in States. The American Baptist Church members atomic number 18 following the century long traditions of consciousness freedom, which allows the independence of individual members of the church to form their own beliefs.They excessively hold congregational freedom, which allows each church the autonomy to develop its own policies. In order to understand the position that the American Baptist Church takes on homosexuality, it is burning(prenominal) to examine their general religious beliefs. According to a website of the maiden Baptist Church in Scituate, MA , they believe that salvation and eternal life atomic number 18 granted to all those who trust in Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord. They believe that both the Old and New Testaments of the Bible are the divinely inspired word of God. The Bible is to be interpreted responsibly under the instruction of the Holy Spirit.Baptists hold the Scriptures and the Old an d New Testaments as their concluding authority. This has last the basis for the standstill that the American Baptist Church has create on the issue of homosexuality. The American Baptists also have round love about disapprobations about the type of person they are supposed to be. Again, according to the First Baptist Church website, these include a redeemed person that contribute hold ofs a personal relationship with God, a biblical person that seeks guidance in catch the Scripture, and a worshipping person that shares an open and public confession of faith.American Baptists are also supposed to be a mission person that invites others to follow Christ and an inclusive person, who embraces different races, ethnicity, and genders, and also accepts that there are individual differences of conviction and theology. This inclusion also covers those who are from a anatomy of backgrounds and they are to insure union in diversity and diversity in unity. These convictions have bec ome a source of division among some of the member churches within this denomination, as they are supposed to embrace and accept those with individual differences, yet they are not accepting of homosexuals.According to the religious tolerance website, The American Baptist Church has been actively responding to issues pertaining to homosexuality as far back as 1987. In June of 1987, a statement of concern regarding homosexuality was defeated by church delegates at their half-yearly Meeting. They refractory that Scriptures repeatedly depict homosexuality as a social and moral evil and the unrepentant homosexual has no claim to in force(p) acceptance in the Christian community. So at that time, they decided that they just did not want to deal with the issue.Four years later, in June of 1991, the delegates of the Biennial Meeting were hale to deal with the topic of homosexuality again. They adopted a statement that rejected the homosexual lifestyle, homosexual marriage, ordination of homosexual clergy, and the innovation of gay churches and gay caucuses On the other hand, their statement also include that the church should love and minister to the homosexual, but condemn the sin of the humankindage of homosexuality. They were taking the stance of hate the sin, love the sinner.They also established a Commission on Human Sexuality Resources to provide clarification and guidance for a Christian understanding of Gods gift of sexuality. By June of 1992 the global Board of the American Baptist Church was being pressured by some of their member churches to accept the practice of homosexuality within their denomination. A courage called Homosexuality and the Church, which identified Gods plan for the fulfillment of sexual coupling to be one man and one charr in heterosexual, monogamous, and lifelong marriage, was narrowly defeated.The resolution further tell that the redeeming love of Christ is available to practicing homosexuals as it is to all who turn to h im in faith and repentance. so a few months later, in October 1992, the General Board was again approached and was forced to vote regarding the issues of homosexuality in their church. They finally agreed to issue a one sen tence standing that was called American Baptist Resolution on Homosexuality. The sentence briefly stated We affirm that the practice of homosexuality is repugnant with Christian teaching. This started the ball rolling and in June of 1993 the General Board bordering came up with another resolution that was called American Baptist Resolution Calling for dialog on Human Sexuality. That resolution states that there exists a variety of understandings throughout our denomination on issues of human sexuality such as homosexuality and encourages discussions regarding those particular issues. American Baptists were also encouraged to seek unity and avoid divisiveness.This resolution might as well have stated there exists a variety of misunderstandings and even though it encouraged discussions, their viewpoint was already established. 1995 was an important year for the American Baptist Churches and their stand on homosexuals. In June 1995, the Granville Baptist Church in Granville, Ohio was expelled from the The Columbus Baptist Association because the church clog uped full participation of homosexuals. Then in September, the Pacific Southwest Region of the American Baptist Churches, which represented more the 300 churches, began defecting over the issue of homosexuality.The leaders of the region cited underlying issues regarding interpretation of the Scriptures and church discip eminence. As a result of the defection, The General Board of the American Baptist Churches created a commission to find ways to deal constructively with issues around which there has been considerable disagreement. In other words, they agnize that the homosexuality issue was starting to destroy their denomination and they needed to get serious about resolving the prob lems.After various resolutions, committees, and amendments over the next ten years, The General Board of the American Baptist Churches finally made some decisions in 2005. At that time they voted to amend their own document We Are American Baptists by adding a statement to the section A Biblical mess Who submit to the teaching of Scripture that Gods design for sexual intimacy places it within the context of marriage between one man and one woman, and acknowledge that the practice of homosexuality is incompatible with Biblical teaching. This represents their final stand on homosexuality, which is that they believe it is wrong and is not in line with the teachings of their church. Although every denomination believes in the Bible as their guiding white, they all interpret it in a different way and can put their own spin on different passages. The American Baptist Church relies on their interpretation of the Bible to support the position that they have taken on homosexuality. There a re passages in the Bible that are know as the clobber passages, because they are used to beat up homosexuals.Leviticus 1822, 2013 is a typical passage that is thought to support the anti-gay stance. It states You shall not lie with a male as with a woman it is an abomination (Leviticus 1822). There is also an important passage in the New Testament that condemns homosexual behavior. Therefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to the degrading of their bodies among themselves, because they exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator.Their women exchanged natural communication for unnatural, and in the same way also the men, giving up natural intercourse with women, were consumed with passion for one another. Men committed shameless acts with men and trustworthy in their own persons the due penalty for their own error. (Romans 124-27). However, later on there is a passage about judging others, so ther efore you should prepare to be judged so it is really a contradiction in terms to think that the passage is condemning homosexuals. The arguments that support homosexuality within Christianity are widespread.They include the fact that we are all Gods children and he created us the way he wanted. So if he made some people homosexual, then that was his choice and it should be accepted. The Bible does not really give any straightforward help in guiding Christians regarding the unblemished problem of homosexuality. It is up to each person to develop their own assessment based upon their knowledge, experiences, and influences of their chosen religion. The ongoing problem between homosexuality and Christianity pass on probably be around for a long time. 1 . American Baptist Churches in the USA.Accessed October 14. http. //religioustolerance. org_abc1. htm 2 . American Baptist Beliefs. Accessed October 14. http//firstbaptistcituate. com/americanbaptistbeliefs. aspx 3 . American Bap tist Church. Accessed October 14. http//abcusa. org/LinkClick. aspx? fileticket=iRGq66AgLAU%3d&tabid=199 4 . American Baptist Church. Accessed October 14. http//abcusa. org/LinkClick. aspx? fileticket=iRGq66AgLAU%3d&tabid=199 5 . American Baptist Church. Accessed October 14. http//abcusa. org/LinkClick. aspx? fileticket=iRGq66AgLAU%3d&tabid=199 6 . American Baptist Church. Accessed October 14. ttp//abcusa. org/LinkClick. aspx? fileticket=iRGq66AgLAU%3d&tabid=199 7 . American Baptist Church. Accessed October 14. http//abcusa. org/LinkClick. aspx? fileticket=iRGq66AgLAU%3d&tabid=199 8 . Moll,, Rob. 2005. American Baptist hegira. Christianity Today. November 23, 2005 9 . American Baptist Church. Accessed October 14. http//abcusa. org/LinkClick. aspx? fileticket=iRGq66AgLAU%3d&tabid=199 10 . Hays, Richard. 1991. Awaiting the Redemption of Our Bodies. Sojourners. November 11. P 17-21 11 . Hays, Richard. 1991. Awaiting the Redemption of Our Bodies. Sojourners. November 11. P 17-2 1

Animal Nutrition: Distinguish Macronutrients and Micronutrients Essay

thither be 7 major relegatees of nutrients carbohyd appreciates, fats, fibre, minerals, protein, vitamin, and body of piddle. These nutrient classes arsehole be categorized as either macronutrients ( involve in comparatively large amounts) or micronutrients (needed in smaller quantities). The macronutrients be carbohydrates, fats, fiber, proteins, and water. The micronutrients argon minerals and vitamins. The macronutrients (excluding fiber and water) domiciliate structural material ( aminic stiflings from which proteins ar built, and lipids from which cell membranes and around star sign molecules atomic number 18 built) and animation. some(prenominal) of the structural material can be use to generate zip internally, and in either case it is measured in joules or gram calories ( both(prenominal)times called kilocalories and on other r ar occasions written with a capital C to distinguish them from little c calories). Carbohydrates and proteins provide 17 kJ approxim ately (4 kcal) of energy per gram, period fats provide 37 kJ (9 kcal) per gram.,1 though the realize energy from either depends on much(prenominal) factors as engrossment and digestive effort, which vary substantially from instance to instance.Vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water do not provide energy, moreover are required for other reasons. A third class dietary material, fiber (i.e., non-digestible material such(prenominal) as cellulose), seems in like manner to be required, for both mechanical and biochemical reasons, though the exact reasons remain unclear. Molecules of carbohydrates and fats constitute of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Carbohydrates range from simple monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose) to complex polysaccharides (starch). gameys are triglycerides, made of assorted fatso biting monomers bound to glycerolbackbone. Some superfatted acids, but not all, are natural in the diet they cannot be synthesized in the luggage compartment.Pr otein molecules strike nitrogen atoms in addition to carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. The fundamental components of protein are nitrogen-containing aminic acids, nearly of which are inborn in the sense that gentlemans gentlemans cannot bewilder them internally. Some of the aminic acids are convertible (with the expenditure of energy) to glucose and can be used for energy employment just as ordinary glucose. By breaking down animated protein, some glucose can be produced internally the remaining amino acids are discarded, primarily as urea in urine. This occurs normally only during e recollectiveated starvation. Family Sources Possible Benefitsflavonoids berries, herbs, vegetables, wine, grapes, tea general antioxidant, oxidation of LDLs, prevention of arterial sclerosis and cheek disease isoflavones (phytoestrogens) soy, red clover, kudzu root general antioxidant, prevention of arteriosclerosis and heart disease, easing symptoms of menopause, cancer prevention18 isothiocyan ates cruciferous vegetables cancer prevention monoterpenes citrus fruit peels, essential oils, herbs, spices, green plants, atmosphere19 cancer prevention, treating gallstones organosulfur compounds chives, garlic, onions cancer prevention, lowered LDLs, assistance to the insubordinate system saponins beans, cereals, herbs Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperglycemia, Antioxidant, cancer prevention,Anti-inflammatory capsaicinoids all capiscum (chile) peppers topical pain relief, cancer prevention, cancer cell apoptosis -CarbohydratesCarbohydrates whitethorn be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides depending on the number of monomer (sugar) units they contain. They constitute a large part of foods such as rice, noodles, b take up, and other grain-based products. Monosaccharides contain one sugar unit, disaccharides two, and polysaccharides three or more. Polysaccharides are often referred to as complex carbohydrates because they are typically long multiple bran ched chains of sugar units. The difference is that complex carbohydrates nonplus longer to digest and absorb since their sugar units must(prenominal) be disjunct from the chain before absorption. The spike in blood glucose levels after uptake of simple sugars is thought to be related to some of the heart and vascular diseases which bring on become more frequent in recent times. elemental sugars induce a greater part of modern diets than formerly, perhaps lede to more cardiovascular disease. The degree of causation is still not clear, however.FatA molecule of dietary fat typically consists of several fat person acids (containing long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms), bonded to a glycerol. They are typically make as triglycerides (three fatty acids attached to one glycerol backbone). Fats may be classified as saturated or unsaturateddepending on the comminuted structure of the fatty acids involved. Saturated fats have all of the carbon atoms in their fatty acid chains b onded to hydrogen atoms, whereas unsaturated fats have some of these carbon atoms double-bonded, so their molecules have relatively fewer hydrogen atoms than a saturated fatty acid of the same length. Unsaturated fats may be further classified as monounsaturated (one double-bond) or polyunsaturated (many double-bonds). Furthermore, depending on the billet of the double-bond in the fatty acid chain, unsaturated fatty acids are classified as ezed-3 or omega-6 fatty acids.Trans fats are a type of unsaturated fat with trans-isomer bonds these are rare in character and in foods from natural sources they are typically created in an industrial do called (partial) hydrogenation. Many studies have shown that unsaturated fats, particularly monounsaturated fats, are best in the human diet. Saturated fats, typically from animal sources, are next, while trans fats are to be avoided. Saturated and some trans fats are typically solid at room temperature (such as butter orlard), while unsaturate d fats are typically liquids (such as olive oil or flax seed oil). Trans fats are very rare in nature, but have properties useful in the food processing industry, such as rancid resistance.citation neededEssential fatty acids nigh fatty acids are non-essential, meaning the body can produce them as needed, generally from other fatty acids and always by expending energy to do so. However, in humans at least two fatty acids are essential and must be included in the diet. An suppress correspondence of essential fatty acids - omega-3 fatty acid and omega-6 fatty acids - seems too important for health, though definitive experimental demonstration has been elusive. Both of these omega long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are substrates for a class of eicosanoids known as prostaglandins, which have roles throughout the human body. They are hormones, in some respects. The omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which can be made in the human body from the omega-3 essential fatty acid al pha-linolenic acid (LNA), or taken in through marine food sources, serves as a structure block for series 3 prostaglandins (e.g. weakly inflammatory PGE3).The omega-6 dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) serves as a building block for series 1 prostaglandins (e.g. anti-inflammatory drug PGE1), whereas arachidonic acid (AA) serves as a building block for series 2 prostaglandins (e.g. pro-inflammatory PGE 2). Both DGLA and AA can be made from the omega-6 linoleic acid (LA) in the human body, or can be taken in directly through food. An appropriately balanced intake of omega-3 and omega-6 partly determines the relative production of different prostaglandins one reason a balance between omega-3 and omega-6 is believed important for cardiovascular health. In industrialized societies, people typically consume large amounts of processed vegetable oils, which have bowdlerised amounts of the essential fatty acids along with too much of omega-6 fatty acids relative to omega-3 fatty acids. T he conversion rate of omega-6 DGLA to AA largely determines the production of the prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2. Omega-3 EPA prevents AA from being released from membranes, thereby skewing prostaglandin balance away from pro-inflammatory PGE2 (made from AA) toward anti-inflammatory PGE1 (made from DGLA).Moreover, the conversion (desaturation) of DGLA to AA is controlled by the enzyme delta-5-desaturase, which in deliberate is controlled by hormones such as insulin (up-regulation) and glucagon (down-regulation). The amount and type of carbohydrates consumed, along with some types of amino acid, can influence processes involving insulin, glucagon, and other hormones therefore the ratio of omega-3 versus omega-6 has wide set up on general health, and specific effects on immune function and inflammation, and mitosis (i.e. cell division). Good sources of essential fatty acids include most vegetables, nuts, seeds, and marine oils,2 Some of the best sources are fish, flax seed oils, soy b eans, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, and walnuts.FiberDietary fiber is a carbohydrate (or a polysaccharide) that is incompletely absorbed in humans and in some animals. Like all carbohydrates, when it is metabolized it can produce four calories (kilocalories) of energy per gram. But in most circumstances it accounts for less than that because of its limited absorption and digestibility. Dietary fiber consists mainly of cellulose, a large carbohydrate polymer that is flatulent because humans do not have the required enzymes to disassemble it. There are two subcategories soluble and insoluble fiber. Whole grains, fruits ( speciallyplums, prunes, and figs), and vegetables are groovy sources of dietary fiber.Fiber is important to digestive health and is thought to reduce the risk of colon cancer.citation needed For mechanical reasons it can help in alleviating both constipation and diarrhea. Fiber provides bulk to the intestinal contents, and insoluble fiber especially stimulates per istalsis the rhythmic muscular contractions of the intestines which move digesta along the digestive tract. Some soluble fibers produce a solution of high viscosity this is fundamentally a gel, which slows the movement of food through the intestines. Additionally, fiber, perhaps especially that from all grains, may help lessen insulin spikes and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.ProteinProteins are the basis of many animal body structures (e.g. muscles, skin, and hair). They also form the enyzmes which control chemical reactions throughout the body. Each molecule is composed of amino acids which are characterized by inclusion of nitrogen and sometimes sulphur (these components are responsible for the distinctive smell of burning protein, such as the ceratin in hair). The body requires amino acids to produce new proteins (protein retention) and to replace modify proteins (maintenance). As there is no protein or amino acid shop provision, amino acids must be present in the diet. Excess amino acids are discarded, typically in the urine.For all animals, some amino acids are essential (an animal cannot produce them internally) and some are non-essential (the animal can produce them from other nitrogen-containing compounds). about twenty amino acids are found in the human body, and about ten of these are essential, and therefore must be included in the diet. A diet that contains adequate amounts of amino acids (especially those that are essential) is particularly important in some situations during early victimisation and maturation, pregnancy, lactation, or injury (a burn, for instance). A complete protein source contains all the essential amino acids an incomplete protein source lacks one or more of the essential amino acids.It is possible to combine two incomplete protein sources (e.g. rice and beans) to make a complete protein source, and characteristic combinations are the basis of distinct cultural cooking traditions. Sources of dietary protein include meats, tofu and other soy-products, eggs, grains, legumes, and dairy products such as milk and cheese. A few amino acids from protein can be converted into glucose and used for fuel through a process called gluconeogenesis this is do in quantity only during starvation. The amino acids remaining after such conversion are discarded.VitaminsAs with the minerals discussed above, some vitamins are recognized as essential nutrients, necessary in the diet for good health. (Vitamin D is the elision it can alternatively be synthesized in the skin, in the presence of UVB radiation.) sure vitamin-like compounds that are recommended in the diet, such as carnitine, are thought useful for survival and health, but these are not essential dietary nutrients because the human body has some capacity to produce them from other compounds. Moreover, thousands of different phytochemicals have recently been discovered in food (particularly in fresh vegetables), which may have desirable properties inclu ding antioxidant activity (see below) experimental demonstration has been suggestive but inconclusive.Other essential nutrients not classed as vitamins include essential amino acids (see above),choline, essential fatty acids (see above), and the minerals discussed in the preceding section. Vitamin deficiencies may result in disease conditions goitre, scurvy, osteoporosis, impaired immune system, disorders of cell metabolism, certain forms of cancer, symptoms of premature aging, and brusque psychological health (including eating disorders), among many others.6 Excess of some vitamins is also chanceful to health (notably vitamin A), and for at least one vitamin, B6, toxicity begins at levels not far above the required amount. Deficiency or wasted of minerals can also have serious health consequences.WaterAbout 70% of the non-fat mass of the human body is made of water7 . Analysis of fatty Tissue in Relation to Body Weight Loss in Man. Retrieved from Journal of Applied To function properly, the body requires between one and seven liters of water per sidereal day to avoid dehydration the precise amount depends on the level of activity, temperature, humidity, and other factors.citation needed With physical exertion and heat exposure, water impairment increases and daily fluid needs will eventually increase as well. It is not fully clear how much water intake is needed by healthy people, although some experts assert that 810 glass of water (approximately 2 liters) daily is the minimum to maintain proper hydration.8 The capriciousness that a person should consume eight glasses of water per day cannot be traced to a credible scientific source.9 The effect of, greater or lesser, water intake on weight loss and on constipation is also still unclear.10The original water intake recommendation in 1945 by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council read An ordinary standard for diverse persons is 1 milliliter for each calorie of food. Most of this quantity is contained in prepared foods.11 The latest dietary deferred payment intake report by theUnited States National Research Council recommended, generally, (including food sources) 2.7 liters of water total for women and 3.7 liters for men.12 Specifically, pregnant and breastfeeding women need additional fluids to stay hydrated. According to the ground of Medicinewho recommend that, on average, women consume 2.2 litres and men 3.0 litresthis is recommended to be 2.4 litres (approx. 9 cups) for pregnant women and 3 litres (approx. 12.5 cups) for breastfeeding women since an especially large amount of fluid is incapacitated during nursing.13For those who have healthy kidneys, it is somewhat difficult to drink too much water,citation needed but (especially in warm humid weather and while exercising) it is dangerous to drink too little. People can drink far more water than necessary while exercising, however, putting them at risk of water intoxication, which can be fatal. In p articular large amounts of de-ionized water are dangerous. Normally, about 20 percent of water intake comes in food, while the rest comes from drinking water and assorted beverages (caffeinated included). Water is excreted from the body in multiple forms including urine and feces, sweating, and by water vapor in the exhaled breath.